After the independence of Uzbekistan, the attention to the study of the rich scientific and spiritual heritage of our ancestors, the study of the significant contribution of our scientists to the development of world science and culture and the promotion of scientific heritage has increased. One such scholar is Ubaydullah ibn Mas'ud Sadrush sharia al-Asghar ibn Masud ibn Tajush sharia Mahmud ibn Jamaliddin Ubaydullah al-Mahbubi al-Bukhari. When we study his scientific heritage, we see that in Mowarounnahr not only the science of jurisprudence but also many fields of science such as hadith, puberty, tafsir (elucidation), and literature and so on have developed. “Mukhtasar ul-Vikoya” and his commentary “Sharh ul-Vikoya” in the field of jurisprudence, written during the Mahbubi dynasty, are still widely used by scholars today.

The article describes issues related to speech culture and the author analyzes the researches and views of scientists-researchers on the interpretation on the problem. The field of speech culture should always be developed in accordance with its maximum function as a process of educating cultural speech of the whole nation. This should be the great ideal of the field of speech culture. It is possible to talk about such an ideal today, but its realization, that is, the desire of all members of society to master the literary language and speak correctly and fluently, culturally and expressively in another language, can come true in the future.

By studying the Tepakiyasay petroglyphs, it is possible to enrich the scientific understanding and conclusions about the emergence and development of the first works of art in the territory of Uzbekistan. These stone paintings serve as an important source for studying the mythological and religious worldviews and imaginations of the ancient people who lived there.

The article presents the results of research on the effectiveness of the use of sociolinguistic competence in teaching Russian in a school with the Uzbek language of instruction; the importance of the formation of sociolinguistic competence is shown, which will allow students to successfully implement their communicative intentions in natural communication situations, both with speakers of a non-native (Russian) language, and with students of the same language as a non-native language.

The article focuses on the specifics of an open online course, which is one of the ways to continue the education of pupils and students in today's pandemic, which includes the technologies and types of distance learning. suspended. It is also thought that the changes caused by the pandemic and new solutions in education will bring the necessary innovative changes to the industry.  Continuing the education of pupils and students in the article of a pandemic is a global problem today. The pandemic led to the closure of all educational institutions around the world, preventing students from learning. In this article, there is a problem of pupils and students. With the advent of distance education in the modern educational space, there have been significant changes in the education system. The article is devoted to the peculiarities of distance education, focusing on the technologies and types of distance education. The article is devoted to the analysis of public open online courses, the features of the creation and implementation of public open online courses in the educational process of a modern university. It is also thought that the changes caused by the pandemic and new solutions in education will bring the necessary innovative changes to the industry. These changes have undoubtedly brought about positive aspects of education in a certain order. The advantages of distance education are better organization of the learning process, ease and mobility of teaching, the implementation of professional and personal goals of the teacher, as well as increasing the efficiency of resource use. The materials presented and conclusions may be useful in discussing models for incorporating public open online courses into the university curriculum.

This article aims to indicate the importance of syntactic stylistic devices mainly repetition in textual formulation that is based on the characteristics of the oral form of speech and syntactic stylistic devices which is expressed the structural meanings of the syntactic stylistic devices. In the aspects of this problem, it is important to analyze the role of syntactic stylistic devices in the formation of functional styles of the language, to justify the importance of syntactic stylistic devices in the presenting the main logic and contextual meanings in the literary texts. As analyzing any kind of literary text syntactic stylistic devices, that is repetition, chiasmus, stylistic inversion, gradation, ellipsis, antithesis, parallel construction, detached construction and enumeration have the greatest impact. However, according to results of analyzing, repetition is one of the widely used within these syntactic stylistic devices by contrast other models of speech.

This article discusses the history of the electrical industry of Surkhan oasis and the works of Soviet government that was related to setting electrification, adopted official documents, the archive funds and analysis of the statistical materials in this article.

This article provides information on the study of argo in Uzbek and world linguistics. The history of the origin of argo is also included. The properties of modern argo are mentioned. Linguists have given examples according to the definition of argo. The peculiarity of argo is that argo differs from slang in its secrecy, therefore, they are more often found in the speech of spies, criminals, thieves, drug addicts, prostitutes and other closed social groups that are considered secret strata of society.

Sustainable economic growth is the key to a prosperous life. Therefore, the country is paying more and more attention to attracting large investments, increasing the pace of production and thereby strengthening the export and import processes. This is because efficient and high-quality production is a key indicator of economic growth. As a result, the country will be able to export its products to foreign markets and improve the balance of payments.

This article also discusses the role of exports and its diversification in the sustainable economic growth of our country.

In this article, the issues of forming the National geo-economic image of Uzbekistan were widely discussed. The comprehensive development of the economic excellence of the current New Uzbekistan, strengthening its economic supply on the basis of world standards are fully covered in the instructions. In the minds of the people, there is an opinion about economic thinking, about the main imprints of the formation of economic culture in their values.

The article describes the history of trade relations of Central Asian countries with foreign countries in ancient and medieval times, the importance of the Great Silk Road, the impact of these relations on political, economic, diplomatic, ethnic and cultural relations. It states that due to diplomatic and trade relations with foreign countries, mutual relations have been established, and the movement of citizens abroad and their entry is based on certain rules. Attention is paid to such factors as the impact of such relations on the socio-political and economic situation in those countries, the specific way of life of the peoples of the region, the way in which diplomatic relations are established. The article focuses on the development of trade relations with foreign countries during the reign of ancient Khorezm, Sogdiana, Parthia and the medieval Hephthalites, the Turkish Khanate, the Arab Caliphate, Amir Temur and the Temurids, the Central Asian khanates, Khiva, Kokand, Bukhara khanates.

Early childhood education institutions focus on preschools, kindergartens, and practical schools that educate young children. A preschool education program has been developed to provide a rich learning experience for children in preschools and to promote healthy growth. Creativity is the foundation of a preschool curriculum and can be defined as a way of creating original things. Preschool teachers need to provide children with materials to stimulate their imagination, provide opportunities to imagine and explain their ideas, value children’s individuality, and encourage their different perspectives and also educators should be more attentive and responsible to increase children’s different competences that can be related to the education for their future. They should also encourage children to participate in creative games, take care of and appreciate children’s new products. It is also important to value children’s creativity, and to give children confidence. This study aims to examine the creativity of preschool children. The study used a simple causal design with pre- and post-test tests involving a single group. Participants consisted of 184 children (96 boys, 88 girls) studying in preschools and kindergartens under the Ministry of Education in Ankara during the 2014-2015 academic year. Forms A and B of the Torrance tests of creative thinking were used as pre- and post-tests. The results showed that the preschool education program had a positive impact on children’s creativity.

The article examines the functional-semantic and methodological features of proverbs specific to the text of epics. It focuses on dialectal proverbs, their variants, scope and lexical-semantic aspects.

The essence of the formation of the issues of accelerated introduction of computerization of education in the lessons of "Music Culture" in the school in the process of educating students.

The ownership of funds or property (usually immovable property) provided by the ruler or owner, as a rule, for the material support of mosques, madrassas, tombs was fixed in waqf documents, which, in particular, indicated the location of a religious institution and immovable property transferred to as a waqf, and also established the procedure for distribution and legal relations between the waqif (the person who gives the waqf property) and the user of this property. Also, these documents may not often contain certain information about the history of this architectural monument.

The waqf documents related to the Sakhibzada Khazret madrasah kept at the Central State Archive of the Republic of Uzbekistan, along with legal and property issues, contain the name and origin of its architect, information about the time and place of construction of the mosque building, i.e. its geographical boundaries and topography. They also provide a rather detailed description of the madrasah structure and functions of the complex buildings. By the way, usually this kind of data does not occur in the manuscript and epigraphic sources that rightly allows us to consider this document as a valuable historic source. Based on the comparative study, this article substantiates the historical significance of the waqf document on the Sakhibzada Khazret madrasah.

The arithmetic material forms the main content of the course. The core of the elementary course consists of arithmetic of natural numbers and basic quantities. In addition, the basic concepts of geometry and algebra are combined in this course.

The author of the article made an effort to analyse and illuminate the measures and efforts being done in the sphere of teaching foreign languages in Uzbekistan. In other words, the author endeavored to practically expose the presidential decree № 1875 on December 10, 2012 “On measures to further improvement of system of learning foreign languages.” along with the comprehensive importance of teaching and learning English in Uzbekistan.

In this article we can read many information about dakhmas  (the tower of silence) and interpretation of the dakhmas (the tower of silence) in material culture. In this article we can know a new texthological translation the word of  “dakhma” (the tower of silence) by scientists. Then article gives a new archeological information about dakhmas they were compared of  Zarabag which is situated in northern Bactria.

The paper is dealing with fret construction of Khorezmian makoms and its common structure Comparative analysis of Bukharian and Khorezmian makoms had been made. The conclusion about main styles of makoms are given also.

This article is devoted to some aspects of the development of modern Saudi literature. The article describes the first attempt to create a prose genre, the development of the short story genre, and the changes that have occurred in modern Saudi literature in recent years.

The article deals with the role of academic mobility in the credit system of higher education,with the use of level differentiation and a multi-level approach to teaching foreign languages. The article describes the international relations of the Mukimi KSPI and the peculiarities of its division into subgroups according to the level of language proficiency, which is the reason for the development of academic mobility.

This article compares the terms of art in the poetry of the People's Poet of Uzbekistan Anvar Abidjan and the famous poet Azam Uktam.

The article describes the content and possibilities of organizing independent work of students in the environment of electronic information education. It covers the methodological forms of organizing students' independent work on the basis of lectures, laboratory, practical, seminars.\

This article analyzes comprehensively the 1916 revolt occurred in the area of Namangan, Turkistan and its liberation movements.

This article provides the features of online lessons, the differences between online and offline lessons in teaching English as a foreign language. The advantages and disadvantages of online and traditional lessons in teaching English are described here. They are considered as modern methods of teaching English including such criteria as motivation, the quality of the perception of the material, understanding of speech, overcoming the language barrier and construction of the lesson.

This article discusses the main views on the emergence and development of agricultural culture in Southern Uzbekistan. The question of the emergence of agriculture in southern Uzbekistan has been considered by researchers in connection with the history of the Bronze Age cultures of Northern Afghanistan and Southern Turkmenistan, as they have common developmental laws and historical roots. The study of the Namazgah cultures in southern Turkmenistan, the Dashtli cultures in northern Afghanistan, and the Sapalli cultures in southern Uzbekistan is one of the most important discoveries in Central Asian archeology and contains a wealth of scientific information on the history of the Bronze Age. During the Bronze Age, the areas where farmers lived were expanded by developing new lands. In these processes, migration is especially important - the migration of the population from one region to another and the emergence of agricultural culture in the Margiana and Bactria regions were associated with migration. According to the analyzed data, the main points of scientific views on the emergence and development of agricultural culture in Southern Uzbekistan are based on the theory of migration.

This article examines the use of various aspects of leadership in the organization and management of pedagogical processes, the timely and effective completion of tasks by students, the use of various aspects of leadership in the pedagogical process and the methods of leadership used by teachers in pedagogical processes.

Documents providing information on the results of scientific research conducted by scientific societies in Central Asia and adjacent regions are stored in the National Archives of Uzbekistan. Documents from the archives were purposefully used to disclose the content of the article.

This article is devoted to the study of the history of scientific societies operating in the Turkestan region in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries and their scientific research in the country. The article provides information on the emergence and activities of scientific societies in the Governor-General of Turkestan, the results of the efforts of active members to study the country, using archival sources.

In recent years, the Uzbek market has noticeably replenished with non-alcoholic beverages prepared on the basis of imported extracts. In the technology of preparation of which sweeteners, dyes, flavors and similar components of unnatural origin were increasingly used. Without disputing the nutritional merit of these components, it is nevertheless necessary to give preference to drinks prepared on the basis of natural ingredients.

This article reveals the most common innovative technologies in geography education, the relevance of innovative geographical education, the main objectives of innovative geographical education, the tasks, basic principles (principles) of innovative geographical education and the factors of their effective formation of geographical culture. The teacher is taught to understand innovative geographical education as a method of forming a geocologically cultured (competent) student / student personality. Enlightenment (pedagogical) innovation is mainly covered by the following concepts - innovation, educational innovation, innovation, innovation, innovation process, innovation activity, pedagogical innovation, pedagogical innovation, pedagogical innovation process, pedagogical innovation activity.

The types of competencies began to increase in the scientific literature with the development of the theory and practice of competence-based approach in higher education. The problem of the development of key competences has arisen which are applied universally in a variety of situations. Theoretical foundations of key competencies and their features in developing the communicative competence of students in a foreign language in their professional domains are analyzed in the article. The modern methodology of teaching a foreign language is based on the following principles of the competence-based approach to teaching oral speech which serve as the theoretical basis for the development of integrative modules for teaching a foreign language.

This article discusses the scientific legacy of the encyclopedic scholar Muhammad Tarablusi. The scientific heritage of Tarablusi includes the science of the Qur'an and hadith, mysticism and tafsir. It is important to analyze his scientific work and translate it into Uzbek. Because it is our duty to pass on such a scientific heritage to future generations.

This article describes the correctness and far-sightedness of such an approach to the peaceful and peaceful, constructive life and sustainable development of our country today. We have our own path based on the principles of evolution against any revolutionary movement that leads to sharp social upheavals and we will never back down from this path.

Many elements of foreign languages have been incorporated into Chinese throughout its long history. However, the issue of borrowing from a foreign language in Chinese is of great interest. The study of this problem, along with the theoretical, is of great practical importance. Ignorance of the methods of borrowing foreign vocabulary, its features and structure, the inability to distinguish sound borrowing from words of Chinese origin quite often confuses the translator and leads to semantic errors.  Borrowing vocabulary can occur verbally (phonetic) and written (semantic).  Loans in Chinese can be of four types: phonetic; semantic; semi-semantic, semi-phonetic; hybrid type, where elements of both languages are present. This article discusses the types of phonetic borrowing and their role in the formation of medical terminology in the Chinese language.

The article focuses on the analysis of the views of one of the representatives of the Jadid movement in the works of AbduraufFitrat on the conservation of nature, the promotion of ecological culture among the people in the common historical and modern.

The Ming period is recognized as a period that introduced a new genre to Chinese literature, especially Chinese prose. During this period, novels from the masterpieces of Chinese literature saw the light of day. They are a valuable source for the study of Chinese literary language, as well as providing valuable information on the plot, historical facts, and the Darwin. In particular, the novel "Three Kingdoms", created in the Ming period, has a large volume and a plot rich in sharp turns, the events of the novel are based on the collapse of the Eastern Khanate, in general, various contradictions in public administration, political, military and foreign relations. The diversity in the author’s depiction of contradictions and struggles, the uniqueness in the depiction of each event, demonstrates the writer’s unparalleled artistic skill. In contrast to the "Three Kingdoms", the plot of “Water Margins” is based on the peasant uprisings and struggles; the play depicts the emergence, development and decline of the peasant uprising. The play praises a number of rebellious heroes, most of the protagonists of the work are extremely vivid, and their character is clearly described. The influence of the successful creation of the novels “Three Kingdoms” and “Water Margins” on the creation of historical and heroic novels of the next period is incomparable.

The first phase of the Ming period was a turning point in the history of literature. With the end of the Yuan Dynasty (元朝 Yuán cháo 1206-1368) and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, no other significant works were created during this period, except for two major novels, the Three Kingdoms (《三国演义》) and the River Basins (《水浒传》). It was not until 1465 that there was a renewal in drama and folk poetry.

The article reflects the process of industrial modernization in the Republic of Uzbekistan, sectoral reforms and their results, products produced by industrial enterprises and their current value, the number of employees and workers, the development of industrial production, archival sources, periodicals and statistics  analyzed on the basis of data.

The article describes the influence of the Russian Empire on the socio-political life of the Emirate of Bukhara in the late XIX - early XX centuries during the reign of Mangit emirs Muzaffar (1860-1885), Abdulahad (1885-1910) and Alimkhan (1910-1920). There were many people who looked at this country, which has beautiful nature, fertile soil and rich in minerals. The Central Asian khanates, which were part of a constantly changing world, did not undergo renewal, despite their obsolescence. At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, when the Emirate of Bukhara became politically and economically full of the policy of the Russian Empire and officially became its vassal, many historical events took place in its social life.

This article discusses the role of organizing and conducting excursions and observations for the development of speech of preschool children in the conditions of modernization. About the ability of the teacher to plan and organize excursions and observations correctly for the development of coherent speech of children of senior preschool age and enrichment of their vocabulary. The use of various types and forms of excursions in training, allowing you to diversify its process. The more they are used by the teacher, the higher the interest of children. Only the right approach to the process of organizing and conducting excursions in the pre-school district will provide a high-quality result.

This article provides information about teaching programming at school, the importance of teaching programming from school age, teaching methods and scientific approaches of specialists in this area, the innovations made.

The article discusses the historical roots of tolerance and interethnic harmony in independent Uzbekistan. Emphasis was placed on the fact that historical values have risen to the level of politics by the government and heads of state during the years of independence, creating a legal basis for reform. In particular, the radical reforms implemented in the framework of the Action Strategy and their results will be discussed. Finally, the author provides general conclusions on the topic.

The object of our research is the national specific realities encountered in literary and artistic works. This article defines the term “reality” as the functionality of words in this particular category as components necessary to convey the national identity of texts in different languages. The article discusses different approaches aimed at defining the concept of reality in translation studies and related linguistics. The definition of the concept given in various dictionaries is given then a comparative analysis of the interpretation of the term in the works of linguists is carried out.

Linguists started talking about realities as carriers of national originality in the early 50s XX century. From the very beginning, there were significant differences among scientists on the definition of the concept of reality they were designated as “barbarism”, “exoticism”, “exotic vocabulary”, “non-equivalent vocabulary”, etc.

In the annotated study, the classifications of realities proposed by G.D. Tomakhin, E.M. Vereshchagin and V.G. Kostomarov, L.S. Barkhudarov, V.S. Vinogradov, S Vlakhov and S. Florin.  The most advanced authors consider the classification of truths given by the Bulgarian scholars S. Vlakhov and S. Florin. According to the authors of the article, this classification allows you to highlight and identify a large number of truths in the translated language.

Western and Eastern world have different thoughts about traditions and people in a scene across various cultural groups indicating a universal principle of preference. In this article, weexplorethe differences between English and Uzbek national traditions in the works of the English writer Jane Austen and the Uzbek writer Abdullah Qadiri.

This article presents methods and techniques for shaping and developing students’ practical skills through collaboration between the higher education systems and manufacturing enterprises. At the same time, the concept of "Learning" is widely covered by students: learning by imitation, by habit, by success, by trying, by making mistakes, by learning, by comprehension, by understanding. This reflects a four-step approach to develop practical skills of the student. Step 1 - Explanation - Interest - Information. Step 2 - Demonstration. Step 3 - Return as shown. Step 4 - Practise. The following scientific conclusions are made on the "four-step" method of learning: 1. Assimilation (learning), 2. "Learning through conditional reflexes" through repetition, 3. Stimulation (praise) on the results achieved in mastering. It is shown that actions within the reference text method are performed as follows: 1. Data collection. 2. Planning. 3. Decision making. 4. Implementation. 5. Checking. 6. Conclusion. In order to apply the project method in the whole process of practical training, the projects will be as follows: 1. Exact limited task, 2. Task is complex from the point of view of students and requires them to apply existing knowledge in other situations. 3. Independently perform a new task according to the plan with the acquired knowledge and skills. Students are described to use methods to build their skills and competencies at a high level through reference text and project methods. In the final stage, methods of assessing the practical skills formed in students are presented.

The article discusses the concept of media text, areas of their study, aspects of media linguistics and the study of media language. The methodological apparatus, internal structure and main sections of media linguistics are considered. As a result of the rapid development in recent years of the level of study of the media in world linguistics, it became known that the language of the media is studied on the basis of its many connections and functions. The research material was collected using Uzbek and foreign literature. The aim of the work is to show the need for an integrated approach to the study of media texts, which is the main object of research in media linguistics.

Girls who doing gymnastics are less well-fed and shorter than their peers who do not go in for sports, but they are more well-nourished and significantly taller than girls doing rhythmic gymnastics. Girls who do gymnastics are distinguished by their long legs than those who do not go in for sports. Pelvic parameters tend to increase with age.

Every language has its own stock of proverbs and proverbs in one language today reflect every age and time. The proverbs show us as the observation of everyday life, constitute popular philosophy of life, and provide an insight into human behavior and character. This article discusses comparative analysis of Uzbek and English proverbs.

The terminology of a particular field of science or technology is highly specialized structure. At each historical stage in the development of geology, the number of lexical units of geological terminology is commensurate with the mass of acquired knowledge. With the growth of knowledge, the need for new terms increases, which is partially offset by borrowing terms from other areas of knowledge and to some extent satisfied by the formation of new terms. The article is about the term system of geology. It tries to describe the phenomena inherent in Geology and the problems of their their translation. Texts related to geological science are very difficult to study, and not only ordinary people experience difficulties in acquaintance with one of these texts, but also difficulties arise among specialists. Geological systems of terms are of great importance not only for our country, but also for the whole world. , since the development of the earth's crust is carried out in all corners of the globe.

This article highlights the issue of healthy lifestyles for teachers in training. We calculate the given the contribution of teachers to the development of any society and the supply of professionals in all fields, we realize that we need to start a healthy lifestyle from the education system. Firstly, every professional is delivered to the society as a qualified specialist, and the contribution of educators, who provide the necessary professional staff to the society, is invaluable. In the professional training of specialists, of course, each specialty is mastered by qualified educators in the field.

Computing Grammar is a basic part of the Second Chance School degree course. It provides agilities in order to improve the student’s position in the digital world. The degree course is open for all at Second Chance Schools. The teacher according to the students’ needs and beliefs provides the guidelines to be followed. They can be updated from time to time. Teaching loops is elementary in the algorithm theory. In High Schools loops and algorithms are the main field at computing lessons. The usage of Microworlds software is up to the teacher in recent years. This phenomenon is very rare at Second Chance schools and this is the first time that it is implemented. Using a poll, students’ beliefs and views were stored and analyzed by the usage of statistical software in order to extract the results. Family situation, work and age constitute a strong factor of the student’s agilities.  Sex does not make any difference, fact that is confirmed by other researches.

The article analyzes the current archive materials and scientific literature that the expansion of irrigation networks in Ferghana region is a priority for the agricultural sector.

This article is devoted to analyzing the issue of external sema in Uzbek language. Relative sema is a component that adds an additional semantic subtlety to a seme containing a core sema, making the word it possesses grammatically related to the second word. 

This article analyzes written sources such as books, manuscripts, newspapers and journals of this department of the library belong to different periods of history and allow obtaining an ation for scientific research in many fields. For example, the period of the late XIX - early XX centuries. reflected in the materials of periodicals of local and Russian editions, in documentary sources of control bodies, in individual works of scientists, in the diaries of military and travelers. The scientific works of Russian authors such as A.N. Teternikov, F. Nazarov, P.I. Pashino, L. Kostenko, N. N. Pantusov ON. Maeva, D. I. Evarnitskiy, A. Divaev, A. Shishov, A. I. Dobrosmyslov and A.Shishkin.

This article focuses on the phonetic interference of word stress in English and Uzbek. It examines the phonetic interference of word stress resulting from the interaction of comparable languages.

This article presents valuable information about the Bukhara Emirate, especially the eastern part of Emirate, the history, archeology, ethnography, and agriculture and trade system of the Surkhandarya oasis during the travels of the famous Russian orientalist, military figure D.N Logofet to Central Asia in this article.

This article explores the components of a student’s creative abilities, descriptions of each, in performing a problematic experiment in physics.

The article analyzes the emergence of mystical and philosophical doctrines in Central Asia, their stages of development, the content and essence of the ideas put forward in them. The article also analyses the history of synergetic aspects of the relationship between orthodox Islam and mysticism in Central Asia, based on the analysis of the socio-economic, political and spiritual-cultural reasons for the formation of sects in Central Asia.

The aim of the article is twofold: first, to discuss essential teaching method of «Debate» and to point out the importance of utilizing the following pedagogical methodology during English teaching classes. Article also attempts to reveal the efficiency of using this method while teaching tourism students to English vocabulary. 

This article analyzes information on the history of the relationship between the Central Asian Khanets and the Ottoman empire by Turkish manuscripts. The paper also analyzes the history of caravan routes and trade relations between the two countries, written by medieval historians such as H. Vamberi, Miyona Buzruk, Abdurazzak Samarkandi, Seydi Ali Rais, Mehmet Emin Efendi.

The article examines the development theater and drama in China in the first half of the XX century, as well as the theme of dramas created in the 30-40s.

The article addresses the issues of improving   the Code of Administrative Republik of Uzbekistan for violations of the established rules related to the organization and conduct of public events.

The article examines the issue of digital diplomacy in its context as a social life phenomenon and also attempts to rationally explain the necessity of its development.

This article analyzes data on Digital Humanitarian center in Uzbekistan and their achievements. Today, Digital Humanities is one of the fastest-growing fields not only in Uzbekistan but also in the world. The article also analyzes information on the creation of digital copies of historical archival documents, museums and their exhibits in large Digital Humanitarian Centre of the A. Navai National Library of Uzbekistan. Also classified interesting materials about modern technical equipment and problems using electronic libraries.

According to ethnographic data, religious beliefs have been one of the main beliefs of the tribes, mainly engaged in hunting and herding. Later, as a result of the development of agriculture, the world of land and plants, their renewal, transformation and other properties of nature, the aspects necessary for man, led to the worship of them and led to the development of this condition.

The article considers the strengthening of the Turkic factor in Egypt after the Mamluk Emirs, natives from the Khwarezm, Turkmen and Kipchak tribes, who came to power in the second half of the XIII century. The influence of the Turkic factor affected all aspects of life in Egypt. Under the leadership of the Turkic Emirs, the Egyptians defeated the crusaders who invaded Egypt in 1248. This defeat of the 7th crusade marked the beginning of the General collapse of the Crusades. Another crushing defeat of the Mamluks led by Sultan Kutuz caused the Mongols, stopping their victorious March through the Arab world. As a result of these brilliant victories, Egypt under the first Mamluk Sultans turned into a fairly strong state, which developed agriculture, irrigation, and foreign trade.

The article also examines the factors contributing to the transformation of Egypt in the 13-14th centuries in the center of Muslim culture after the fall of the Abbasid Caliphate. Scientists from all over the Muslim world came to Egypt, educational institutions-madrassas were intensively built, and Muslim encyclopedias were created that absorbed the knowledge gained in various Sciences (geography, history, philology, astronomy, mathematics, etc.). Scholars from Khwarezm, the Golden Horde, Azerbaijan, and other Turkic-speaking regions along with Arab scholars taught hadith, logic, oratory, fiqh, and other Muslim Sciences in the famous madrassas of Egypt. In Mamluk Egypt, there was a great interest in the Turkic languages, especially the Oguz-Kipchak dialect. Arabic and Turkic philologists write special works on the vocabulary and grammar of the Turkic languages, and compile Arabic-Turkic dictionaries. In Egypt, a whole layer of artistic Turkic-language literature was created that has survived to the present day. The famous poet Saif Sarayi, who came from the lower reaches of the Syr Darya river in Mawaraunnahr was considered to be its founder. He wrote in Chigatai (old Uzbek) language and is recognized a poet who stands at the origins of Uzbek literature. In addition to his known the names of eight Turkish-speaking poets, most of whom have nisba “al-Khwarizmi”. Notable changes occurred in Arabic literature itself, especially after the decline of Palace Abbasid poetry. There is a convergence of literature with folk art, under the influence of which the poetic genres, such as “zazhal”, “mavval”, “muvashshah”, etc. emerge in the Egyptian poetry.

In Mamluk Egypt, the genre of “adaba” is rapidly developing, aimed at bringing up and enlightening the good-natured Muslim in a popular scientific form. The works of “adaba” contained a large amount of poetic and folklore material from rivayats and hikayats, which makes it possible to have a more complete understanding of medieval Arabic literature in general.

Unfortunately, the culture, including the fiction of the Mamluk period of Egypt, has been little studied, as well as the influence of the Turkic factor on the cultural and social life of the Egyptians. The Turkic influence is felt in the military and household vocabulary, the introduction of new rituals, court etiquette, changing the criteria for evaluating beauty, in food, clothing, etc. Natives of the Turkic regions, former slaves, historical figures such as the Sultan Shajarat ad-Durr, Mamluk sultans as Kutuz and Beybars became national heroes of the Egyptian people. Folk novels-Sirs were written about their deeds. And in modern times, their names are not forgotten. Prominent Egyptian writers have dedicated their historical novels to them, streets have been named after them, monuments have been erected to them, and series and TV shows dedicated to them are still shown on national television.

This article for the first time examines some aspects of the influence of the Turkic factor on the cultural life of Mamluk Egypt and highlights some unknown pages of cultural relations between Egypt and Mawaraunnahr.

The article analyzes the views on the development of scientific and practical knowledge on the creation of an environment of freedom and competition in the education system in order to show the value of science in society and the role of scientific values in social development.

The article summarizes the research on the territorial boundaries of Northern Bactria. Information is given about the direction of Alexander the Great's invasion from Northern Bactria to Sughd. The present-day location of toponyms found in the works of ancient historians is also mentioned.

Fiction explores life in two ways: one for approval and one for rejection. Accordingly, literary critics divide images into the following types, but this approach is also relative.

This article discusses the emergence of an ancient agricultural culture in northwestern Takharistan in southern Uzbekistan, which is closely linked to the construction of irrigation networks.

The article is based on the multifactorial nature of the stability and dynamics of landscapes, especially the strong influence of human economic activity on the stability and dynamics of oasis landscapes.

It is well known that in translation it is relatively rare for one concept to correspond to another. Experience has shown that in translation word for word, word for word, word for word can be. On this basis, when we say a lexical unit in translation, we can understand a word and a phrase, or even a phraseological unit that corresponds to a single word. In this case, a phraseological unit consisting of two or more words must correspond to the meaning of a single word. If the original word corresponds to one word in the translated language, then the meanings of the words in the two languages are considered to have the exact equivalent. Such words usually include well-known names, geographical and place names, names of enterprises, organizations, institutions, offices, ships and hotels, and so on. Equivalents are often monosemantic, that is, words with a single meaning.