The socio-economic transformation of Uzbekistan during the period 2022–2026 represents a critical phase in the nation’s transition toward sustainable development, modernization, and global integration. This study develops a systems-based analytical model to evaluate the structural dynamics, policy mechanisms, and socio-economic outcomes associated with Uzbekistan’s development strategy. Drawing upon historical, economic, and cultural references, the research integrates traditional economic practices with contemporary reform frameworks to construct a multidimensional transformation model. The study employs a qualitative systems analysis approach, synthesizing historical data, field observations, and policy-driven economic structures to examine interdependencies between agriculture, crafts, industrial growth, and socio-cultural evolution. Findings indicate that sustainable transformation in Uzbekistan is contingent upon the harmonization of traditional economic systems with modern institutional reforms, particularly in rural economies such as the Kashkadarya oasis. The research identifies critical drivers, including agricultural modernization, cultural-economic integration, and policy-based governance reforms. However, structural limitations such as regional disparities and institutional inefficiencies persist. The study contributes to the theoretical discourse on transition economies by proposing a hybrid socio-economic transformation model that integrates historical continuity with innovation-driven development strategies.

This review-based analytical article examines the use of Montessori pedagogical principles in English instruction for preschool children aged 3.5 to 6 through sensory-based learning. Early foreign language education at this age requires methods that respect bodily exploration, short attention cycles, emotional security, and the child’s dependence on concrete experience. The article connects the prepared environment, self-directed activity, sensory materials, and teacher observation with preschool EFL practice. The aim is to develop an analytical model for integrating Montessori-oriented sensory work into English teaching without presenting unsupported empirical results. The source base consists of recent peer-reviewed studies on Montessori education, preschool EFL, multisensory word learning, embodied cognition, alphabet learning, digital play, and early literacy. The article uses comparative analysis, source analysis, conceptual synthesis, typologization, and analytical generalization. The resulting model gives practical guidance for classroom organization, teacher conduct, material choice, learning sequence, and non-experimental monitoring.

This study investigated institutional culture as a predictor of academic staff research output in federal universities in South-South Nigeria, with specific focus on collaboration and peer review. The study was guided by two research questions and two hypotheses. A correlational survey research design was adopted. The population comprised 925 senior academic staff from five federal universities in South-South Nigeria, while a sample of 278 respondents was selected using Taro Yamane formula. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Institutional Culture Questionnaire (ICQ) and Academic Staff Research Output Checklist (ASROC). The instruments were validated by experts in Measurement and Evaluation and Educational Management and Planning, University of Uyo, and reliability was established using Cronbach Alpha statistic, which yielded reliability coefficients of .74 and .99 respectively. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression for research questions and F-ratio for hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance.Findings revealed that collaboration and peer-review significantly predicts academic staff research output in federal universities in South-South Nigeria. The study concluded that institutional culture variables such as collaboration and peer review play a statistically significant but limited role in enhancing academic research output. It was recommended thatpeer review should be encouraged among academics as this these will prevent dissemination of irrelevant findings, unwarranted claims, unacceptable interpretations, and personal views. Also, collaborative research culture should be enforced in the different department of universities to facilitate collaboration among faculty members and assist them to discuss different research problem and get in-depth knowledge about different types of research.  

The study was carried out to examine the relationship between external business environment and entrepreneurial performance of SMEs in South East, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to: Examine the relationship between infrastructural facilities and service quality of SMEs in South East, Nigeria; Evaluate the relationship between government taxation policy and sales revenue of SMEs in South East, Nigeria and assess the relationship between new technologies and SMEs market growth of SMEs in South East, Nigeria. The descriptive survey research design was used to conduct the investigation. The area of the study was South East Nigeria. The study employed both primary and secondary data. The population of the study was 8,379,997. Freund and Williams formula was adopted in determining the sample size of 368. The data collected was analyzed using Mean and standard deviation while the hypotheses were tested using simple regression. The findings revealed that Infrastructural facilities have positive relationship with service quality of SMEs in South East, Nigeria (r =.465, N= 360, P=.000), Government taxation policy had positive relationship with sales revenue of SMEs in South East, Nigeria (r =.539, N= 360, P=.000) and new technologies have positive relationship with SMEs market growth of SMEs in South East, Nigeria (r =.406, N= 360, P =.000). In conclusion, this study demonstrates the significance of the external business environment in shaping the entrepreneurial performance of SMEs in South-East, Nigeria. The study recommended, among others, that Policymakers should prioritize the development of infrastructural facilities to support SME growth, also the government should review and reform taxation policies to create a favorable business environment for SMEs.

The article examines how phraseological units are used in A. Musaev’s works. It highlights figurative meaning, stylistic functions, and the role of “pivot words” (core components) within idioms, illustrating them with textual examples. The study argues that phraseology reflects the community’s linguistic wealth, customs, and worldview.

Resource conservation is essential to addressing global environmental challenges such as deforestation, desertification, and biodiversity loss. In Nigeria, weak institutions, inadequate funding, and poor community participation hinder sustainable conservation. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Nigeria’s conservation policies, identify key challenges, and propose adaptive strategies. Guided by the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, which explains stress arising from resource loss, the study adopts a qualitative research design using secondary data from scholarly publications, policy reports, and institutional documents. Findings reveal that global conservation successes rely on strong participation, policy coherence, and sustainable financing, while Nigeria’s progress remains constrained by governance weaknesses and limited stakeholder engagement. The study concludes that institutional reform, community-based conservation, and environmental education are crucial for achieving long-term sustainability. It recommends participatory, well-funded, and technologically supported conservation models suited to Nigeria’s ecological realities.