It is known that in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, animal husbandry developed in its own way, as one of the important industries along with agriculture. The favorable climate of the southern oasis and the availability of wide pastures are important in this. The scientific study of this area has been widely analyzed in the studies of ethnographers such as B. Karmisheva, K. Shoniyozov, I. Hidoyatov, N. Borozna. Among them, the work of B. Kh. Karmisheva is also important, the scientist distinguishes four types of animal husbandry in his works. These are the portable method, the plowing-pasture method, the plowing method and the plowing method. The article reveals the specific aspects, differences, similarities, and gradual development of these methods over time. In addition, an attempt was made to reveal the types of livestock, their distribution by regions and breeds. In the course of the article, it was emphasized that the economic activities and traditional activities of the residents of the Central Asian region have ancient historical experiences and are distinguished by their own characteristics. It has been shown on the basis of various sources that the inhabitants of the oasis are considered one of the peoples with an ancient sedentary culture, which preserved and improved the traditions of their ancestors for thousands of years. B.Kh. Karmisheva said that the descendants of large tribes such as Transoxiana Turks, Kungyrot, Lokai, Karluq, Turks, who came from the Dashti Kipchak, from the tribes that were formerly nomads, were herdsmen. It tries to reveal on the basis of field materials that they were driven to the steppe meadows, and how cattle breeding affected their way of life.

The increasing interest in health and fitness has driven the need for innovative solutions to monitor and analyze physical activity. This study explores the use of Wii Remote sensors as a tool for enhancing physical activity detection. Leveraging the motion-sensing technology embedded in Wii Remotes, this research investigates how these sensors can accurately capture and classify various physical activities. The methodology involves setting up the Wii Remote to collect data on movement patterns and integrating it with algorithms designed to recognize and interpret different forms of exercise. Results demonstrate that Wii Remote sensors can effectively distinguish between activities such as walking, running, and jumping, offering a cost-effective alternative to traditional fitness tracking devices. The findings suggest that Wii Remote technology holds promise for improving physical activity monitoring and can be a valuable asset in both personal fitness and clinical settings.

This article analyzes the issues of formation of lexical, grammatical and communicative skills in the process of teaching English at a medical university. The objectives of the study are to review the existing methods of teaching English in medicine, and to identify the main stages of learning that contribute to effective language acquisition. The result of the study is due to the need to optimize the educational process, where English plays a key role in the training of medical specialists. Research methods imply the development of a structured teaching methodology that can significantly increase the level of students' training and their readiness for international practice. Proper assimilation of medical terminology and the ability to communicate in English are important factors for the successful practice of future doctors.

It is natural for new concepts and terms to evolve and be adopted over time. Neologisms are used in communication as a result of societal evolution, the introduction of new concepts, and the emergence of new terms in the language. Words such as airplane, pilot, television, market, atom, which were regarded neologisms 100 years ago, as well as society, science, and technology, are no longer considered neologisms due to linguistic evolution. Neologisms, due to their widespread use, they appear to be extensively and easily accepted in social networking sites throughout the world (Telegram, Instagram, Facebook, etc). These social networking sites have had a huge influence on everyone today since they enhance and speed up communication, nurture connections, and promote commercial initiatives. This article discusses neologisms generated by various morphological processes are overused in media discourse.

Activating the audience at a theatrical performance is a key element for creating an interactive and memorable experience. This article provides ways to activate the audience during a theatrical performance at each stage of its organization. Each of these methods can be adapted to a specific audience and type of performance, which will create a deeper connection with the public and make the theatrical performance memorable and unique. In modern theater, active interaction with the audience is becoming increasingly important. The viewer is not just a passive observer, he is an important element of the action, and it is his involvement that determines how successful the performance will be. In this article, we will look at the key ways to activate the audience at a theatrical performance, which can turn a classic performance into a truly lively and memorable event.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly reshaping the educational landscape in the digital age, offering new avenues for inclusivity, equity, and innovation. This research investigates AI's transformative potential in education, employing a qualitative and multilateral methodology that integrates theoretical analysis with empirical evidence. The study highlights AI's ability to personalize learning by adapting content to individual needs, thereby enhancing student engagement and academic success. Moreover, AI technologies provide flexible learning modalities that improve accessibility for diverse learners, including those with disabilities and from underserved communities. In addition to benefiting students, AI empowers educators by delivering data-driven insights that inform teaching practices, enabling more effective and personalized instruction. However, the integration of AI into education raises critical ethical concerns, particularly regarding data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the potential for reinforcing existing inequalities. The research underscores the importance of a balanced approach to AI implementation, emphasizing the need for robust ethical safeguards. The study concludes by calling for further research and interdisciplinary collaboration among educators, technologists, and policymakers to ensure the responsible integration of AI in education. By doing so, AI can contribute to a more equitable, inclusive, and innovative educational system in the digital era.

This study was designed to examine female adolescents’ cooperation and its influence on their self-esteem development in state universities in Cameroon. The study was guided by two objectives which examine how peer influence and group work influence female adolescent students’ self-esteem in the early years of university studies in Cameroon state universities. The survey research design using the exploratory approach was adopted for the study. The population comprised of undergraduate female adolescents of ages 17 to 19 years in the University of Buea, in the South West, Dschang, West region, Douala, Littoral and Bamenda, North West Regions of Cameroon. The sample size of the study consisted of 703 undergraduates female adolescent age 17-19 using the simple random sampling technique. The instruments use for data collection were a questionnaire and an interview guide. Data from the questionnaire was analysed using SPSS 23.0, with the aid of descriptive and inferential statistical tools while open ended questions were analysed thematically. The hypotheses of the study were tested using a non-parametric test (Spearman’s Rho test) presented at 95% level of confidence interval with alpha set at 0.05 levels accepting 5% margin of error. Findings reviled that majority 73.8% of female adolescent students agreed that peers influence their self-esteem in the early years of their university studies while 26.3% of them disagreed and the overall mean of 2.95 below 3.0 on a mean scale of 1-4 implies that peers influence for a significant proportion of students is not high and 74.2% of female adolescent students like to work in groups while 25.8% of them do not and the overall mean of 2.92 below 3.0 on a mean scale of 1-4 implies that group work for a significant proportion of students is not high. Hypothetically, there is a significant and positive relationship between cooperation and self-esteem development of female adolescent students (R-value 0.466**, p-value 0.000 < 0.05). The positive sign of the correlation value denotes that self-esteem of the female adolescent students increases with increase in their ability to cooperate with others and decreases with decrease in their ability to cooperate with others. Therefore, it was generally recommended that, educational institutions in Cameroon actively promote and implement cooperative learning strategies within their curricula. Given the significant positive relationship between cooperation and the self-esteem development of female adolescent students, fostering collaborative environments can greatly enhance both academic performance and personal growth. Institutions should design group activities that encourage peer interaction, idea sharing, and mutual support.

This article describes the pedagogical aspects of improving the didactic training of teachers of the future primary class on the basis of an integrative approach, in particular, the importance of pedagogical practice in improving the didactic training of teachers of the future primary class on the basis of an integrative approach, the use of integrative programs.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly emerging as a transformative force across various sectors, including education. As AI continues to reshape the landscape of teaching and learning, it becomes essential to understand the perspectives of educators, who are at the forefront of this change. This study explores the attitudes and concerns of teachers regarding the integration of AI into educational practices. A total of 74 educators participated in the research, utilizing the Opinion Scale on Artificial Intelligence in Education to provide insights into their views. The findings reveal a generally positive outlook among teachers toward the adoption of AI in education, recognizing its potential to enhance the learning experience, streamline administrative tasks, and support personalized learning. However, the study also uncovers significant apprehensions, particularly concerning ethical issues, data privacy, and the potential loss of the human touch in teaching. These concerns underscore the complexities and challenges that come with integrating AI into educational environments. By examining both the benefits and the risks associated with AI in education, this study contributes to the broader discourse on the future of teaching and learning. It emphasizes the need for a balanced and thoughtful approach to AI implementation, one that not only maximizes the advantages of technological advancements but also ensures the protection of ethical standards and the rights of all stakeholders. As AI continues to evolve, this research highlights the importance of ongoing dialogue and collaboration among educators, policymakers, and technologists to navigate the challenges and opportunities presented by this powerful technology.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the “mentor-apprentice” institution and its pivotal role in the civil service of Uzbekistan. The study delves into the historical roots of mentor-apprentice relationships, tracing their evolution from ancient times to their current application in the public sector. The analysis highlights the significant economic and social impacts of this institution, particularly in improving labor productivity and enhancing the efficiency of management processes. The article emphasizes the dual nature of labor productivity within the civil service, focusing on both the quantitative and qualitative contributions of mentors in transferring knowledge, skills, and experience to apprentices. Furthermore, the article examines the systematic implementation of the mentor-apprentice system within the civil service, evaluating its effectiveness in fostering professional development, reducing errors, and accelerating adaptation to new work environments. The research findings underscore the importance of this institution in preparing civil servants for successful careers and ensuring the effective execution of state functions. Based on these insights, the article offers practical recommendations for optimizing the mentor-apprentice system, aiming to enhance its impact on the overall performance and productivity of the civil service.

The intonation theory of B.V. Asafiev is a methodological basis for theoretical musicology, all types of musical performance and musical-pedagogical activity. However, the problem of using this concept in the training of school music teachers is not fully applied in the educational process, from which a conclusion is made about the need for its development and implementation in the educational process of pedagogical universities.

This article examines the implementation of administrative reform in East Asian nations, which is an essential aspect of public administration and policy-making. The paper explores the fundamental methodologies used during these transformational processes, as well as the successful and unsuccessful examples of change in various countries in the region. Furthermore, it examines the impact of cultural, historical, and political factors on the course of these reforms.

Due to the increasing complexity of public administration in Asia, it is essential to conduct a comparative analysis of the challenges faced by governments in these regions. In order to address this issue, this paper will examine selected initiatives of New Public Management (NPM) in various countries of South and Southeast Asia and analyse the cross-national differences. For this purpose, we selected four countries from South and Southeast Asia for our case studies: Singapore, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh. This paper examines the complex interplay between various contextual factors, such as historical political events, party dynamics, macroeconomic circumstances, state-building traditions, the influence of international development agencies (IDAs), and the status of civil society on the nature and effect of NPM (New Public Management) initiatives in these nations.

Our analysis indicates that these contextual elements significantly contributed to the varying degrees of success achieved by Singapore and Malaysia in implementing NPM compared to Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, where the reforms did not produce the desired outcomes.

In this study, we tried to illuminate the grammatical and rhetorical terms in Abdul Qaher Al-Jurjani's book Secrets of Rhetoric and follow the development of these terms and concepts in terms of controlling their meaning and determining the extent of their stability for Abdul Qaher Al-Jurjani.

We relied on several sources, the most important of which are the books "Secrets of Rhetoric," "Dala'il Al-I'jaz fiIlm Al-Ma'ani," and "Al-I'jaz fiIlm Al-Ma'ani" by Abdul Qaher Al-Jurjani, as well as modern references.

The reasons for choosing this topic are significant, as it allows us to delve into the concept of the grammatical and rhetorical term and its integration in Abdul Qaher Al-Jurjani's work, a crucial aspect of our understanding of rhetoric.

Therefore, this study aims to follow the grammatical and rhetorical terms in Abdul Qaher and demonstrate the strength of their stability and maturity.

This research is structured comprehensively, with an introduction, three in-depth chapters, a conclusive summary, and a comprehensive list of sources, providing a thorough exploration of the topic.

Section One: Introduction to the book Secrets of Rhetoric and its author

Section Two: Grammar in the book Secrets of Rhetoric

Section Three: Rhetorical terminology in the book Secrets of Rhetoric.

This article provides information about the role of the semantic factor in modeling verb tenses for Uzbek language corpora. Determining the relation of speech to time is important in the process of morphological analysis. It is known that space and time are the fundamental form of existence, and any information, action, situation has signs of time and space. Understanding the relationship of information to time is an important condition for understanding changes in the world. Time determines the time of occurrence of certain events and situations, and thus they are arranged in sequence in memory, as well as how long they lasted. The need to ensure the automatic implementation of analyzes of the relationship of information to time increases the practical importance of the issue of annotating grammatical forms of tense.

The article examines the problem of developing the critical thinking skills of schoolchildren with the help of interactive technologies in the process of teaching geography. Cluster is one of its methods (techniques). A step-by-step technology for developing students’ critical thinking skills based on the use of the “cluster” technique is proposed.

The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have prompted global initiatives, such as UNESCO's 2019 Beijing Consensus, to recommend the integration of AI in educational policies and practices. While existing research often highlights the perspectives of students and teachers on AI in education (AIEd), this study uniquely focuses on the factors influencing the behavioral intention to adopt AI among future primary and secondary school teachers in Romania. Using exploratory quantitative research, data from 270 students at the Faculty of Education, Social Sciences, and Psychology were analyzed through binary logistic regression to examine how their interactions with AI shape their intention to integrate AIEd into their teaching practices. The results reveal that "confidence in personal ability to use AI" and "perception of AI’s advantages" significantly increase the willingness to adopt AI in education, surpassing factors like "prior use," "knowledge level," or "student demands." These insights are critical for revising teacher training programs and shaping educational policies that build future teachers' confidence in using AI, addressing any misconceptions or fears surrounding its implementation.

Comics have emerged as a potent tool for enhancing engagement and comprehension in primary school education. This article explores the efficacy of utilizing comics to cultivate pupils' interest in lessons. By amalgamating visual storytelling with educational content, comics offer a dynamic and captivating medium to captivate young learners. Through an examination of relevant research and practical examples, this article elucidates how incorporating comics into the curriculum can stimulate curiosity, facilitate retention, and promote critical thinking skills among primary school pupils. Furthermore, it delves into the strategies educators can employ to integrate comics effectively into lesson plans, ensuring an enriching and immersive learning experience. By harnessing the inherent appeal of comics, educators can nurture a love for learning and empower pupils to explore complex concepts with enthusiasm and creativity.

In this article, the ways of developing lexical skills in students, their theoretical and practical importance, the level of lexical competence in speech skills and their role in communicative tasks are revealed based on the competence approach.

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has created new opportunities for transforming educational delivery and learning experiences. Understanding students' perspectives on AI's integration in education is essential to navigating its potential benefits and challenges. This study investigates the perceptions of university students in Indonesia regarding the use of AI in educational settings. A quantitative descriptive survey was conducted with 200 students from the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education at Bengkulu University, utilizing a perception scale adapted from Buabbas et al. (2023). Data analysis included descriptive statistics and the Chi-Square test. The results revealed that the majority of students hold positive views on AI’s role in education, recognizing its potential to enhance learning experiences and broaden access to educational resources. However, several concerns were raised, particularly regarding the potential replacement of teachers by AI, the diminished human interaction in learning processes, and issues surrounding data privacy and security. These findings highlight the dual nature of students' perceptions: while they appreciate AI's ability to augment education, there is a prevailing concern over the loss of essential human elements in teaching and the implications for personal privacy. The study concludes that, while AI offers significant promise in reshaping education, its implementation must be approached with caution. A human-centered strategy that emphasizes the complementary role of teachers, along with stringent protections for student data privacy, is necessary. Further research is recommended to deepen understanding of AI’s long-term impacts on the educational experience.

This study was designed to examine primary information sources and its impact on the quality of postgraduate dissertations and theses in the University of Buea. The study was guided by one main objective and a major hypothesis. Supported by the Information Quality Theory by William H. Dutton (1999). The study employed a mixed – method approach using the explanatory sequential research design. The sample was made up of 240 postgraduate students, 85 academic staff and 15 faculties’ officials (Deans, Vice-Deans – in - charge of research as well as coordinators of post graduate school of the faculties concern). The sampling techniques employed for this study was a multi stage sampling consisting of purposive sampling and the simple random sampling. The instruments use for data collection were a questionnaire for postgraduate students and academic staff and an interview guide for university administrators (Deans, Vice-Deans – in - charge of research as well as coordinators of post graduate school of the faculties concern). Data from close ended questions was analysed using SPSS 23.0, with the aid of descriptive and inferential statistical tools while open ended questions were analysed thematically. The Spearman’s rho was used to test the research hypotheses formulated in the study. The descriptive findings indicated that, over 90% of students and 95% of staff responses to the questionnaire revealed that primary information sources are important in dissertation/thesis. From the thematic analysis, faculty officials hold that primary sources of information are the best and should be compulsory for students to use in research. The hypothesis test indicated that, primary sources of information significantly impact the quality of dissertation/thesis carried out by postgraduate students. Therefore, based on the findings, a general recommendation is to implement a university-wide policy that mandates the use of primary sources in all postgraduate dissertations and theses. This policy should be supported by comprehensive guidelines outlining the types of acceptable primary sources and their significance in academic research. Additionally, the university should provide resources and training to help students effectively locate and utilize these sources, ensuring that their research is grounded in authentic and credible information. This approach will not only enhance the quality of academic work but also foster a culture of rigorous scholarship within the institution.

In the article, the scientific-theoretical basis and possibilities of using the connection of subjects in music culture classes of general education schools are analyzed in connection with the specific structural features of music classes, and methodical recommendations are put forward.

This research explored the preparedness of Social Studies teachers in Akwa Ibom State to integrate artificial intelligence (AI) and E-Learning platforms into their instructional practices. The study focused on evaluating key objectives, formulating research questions, and testing hypotheses related to the teachers’ ability to integrate modern digital tools into classroom instruction. A descriptive survey research approach was utilized, with a focus on Social Studies teachers in public secondary schools. Using a stratified random sampling technique, 210 teachers were selected to participate in the study. Data was gathered through a custom-designed questionnaire, which was validated by three professionals—two experts in Social Studies education and one specialist in educational assessment. The reliability of the instrument was confirmed with Cronbach's Alpha, showing a reliability coefficient of 0.86. Statistical analysis of the research questions involved calculating the mean and standard deviation, while the hypotheses were examined using one-way ANOVA at a 0.05 significance level. Results indicated that Social Studies teachers demonstrated a high degree of preparedness to implement AI and e-learning platforms in enhancing both instructional delivery and student engagement. The study recommended that the Ministry of Education prioritize integrating AI and e-learning platforms into the Social Studies curriculum, ensuring teachers receive adequate training and support. Additionally, teachers were encouraged to use these technologies to facilitate better management of course content, improve assessment strategies, and foster dynamic interaction with students to boost learning outcomes.

The adoption of electronic commerce (E-Commerce) has become increasingly critical in the hospitality industry, offering opportunities for enhanced operational efficiency and customer engagement. This study examines hotel managers' views on E-Commerce adoption in South Africa, focusing on their attitudes, perceived benefits, and challenges associated with integrating digital technologies into their business practices. Through a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and in-depth interviews with hotel managers across various regions, the research explores how these professionals perceive the impact of E-Commerce on their operations and competitive positioning.

The findings reveal that hotel managers in South Africa generally hold positive attitudes towards E-Commerce, recognizing its potential to streamline booking processes, expand market reach, and improve customer service. However, challenges such as technological barriers, financial constraints, and a lack of digital literacy among staff are noted as significant obstacles to full adoption. The study also identifies key factors influencing the successful implementation of E-Commerce strategies, including managerial support, investment in technology, and ongoing staff training. This research provides valuable insights for hotel operators, policymakers, and technology providers, highlighting the need for targeted support and resources to facilitate E-Commerce adoption in the South African hospitality sector. By addressing the identified challenges and leveraging the opportunities offered by digital technologies, hotels can enhance their operational efficiency and stay competitive in an increasingly digital marketplace.

This article talks about the tourist centers Zomin, Aydar-Arnasoy lake system, recreational tourism centers in the Jizzakh region, and the role and importance of these places in the development of tourism is explained in detail on a scientific basis.