This article is a model for the development of methodical competence of future foreign language teachers in the process of teaching a foreign language, in which the stages, levels and components of the implementation of methodical competence are analyzed.

The research aims to study artificial intelligence techniques and the extent of their impact on improving the efficiency and effectiveness of electronic accounting disclosure for financial reports. Therefore, the first section dealt with the concept of electronic disclosure, and dealt with the opposing arguments that posed a major challenge to electronic accounting disclosure for financial reports in business companies, in addition to the supporting arguments that agree With the advantages resulting from the application of electronic disclosure, whether achieved by the applying company or users of information published on the Internet, it also addressed the factors affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of electronic accounting disclosure. The second section, dealt with identifying the concept of artificial intelligence and its techniques, the extent of their application in accounting, and the expected impact of applications of intelligence techniques. Artificial intelligence in the future of business companies, which in turn affected the improvement of the efficiency and effectiveness of electronic accounting disclosure for financial reports. The field study proved that the application of artificial intelligence techniques has an impact in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of electronic accounting disclosure, as the survey list was used as a means of collecting primary data, which was distributed to There are only two categories: accountants and auditors in companies listed on the stock exchange.

"In the digital age, online learning platforms have become increasingly prevalent, offering flexible and accessible education opportunities. However, ensuring student engagement and success in these virtual environments remains a significant challenge. "Insights into Online Learning: Developing and Assessing Learning Analytics Dashboards for Enhanced Engagement" explores the development and evaluation of learning analytics dashboards aimed at enhancing student engagement and performance in online discussion activities. This study investigates the design, implementation, and impact of interactive dashboards that provide real-time feedback and insights into student participation, contributions, and learning progression. Through a mixed-methods approach, including usability testing and student feedback surveys, this research evaluates the effectiveness of these dashboards in promoting active participation, fostering collaboration, and improving learning outcomes in online learning environmentsa.

In light of a renewed understanding of trauma studies, PTSD-affected characters in fiction are a fairly intriguing topic. As a conclusion to the Simran Singh series, The Sea of Innocence revolves around her confronting the drug mafia and sexual trafficking on the unassuming beaches of Goa. The paper elucidates the mental agony of the protagonist, mourning family members, as well as those of the key suspects. Scrutinising each of them under the lens of depression, specifically, PTSD, is the purpose of this paper. It hopes to connect the link between post-traumatic studies and popular fiction, highlighting a social evil. The lasting effects of a crime on the mental imprints of those concerned, particularly young adults, are labelled in the paper. Their coping symptoms to alleviate the wide range of PTSD symptoms for each character in Desai’s novel are discussed.

A number of laws and decisions of our state have included the measures related to the full education of children with special needs, the support of the society, their integration into the society along with the healthy ones, and adaptation in social life.

The influence of British literature on global literature is enormous. In so many ways, British literature has influenced world literature. The Anglo-Saxon period established the British literature tradition, which continues to influence world literature today. In this blog post, we will look at various aspects of British literature's influence on global literature. The study of literary works from the United Kingdom and other countries around the world is known as British and world literature. It includes classic and contemporary works, often translated into English, that reflect regional and historical cultural and social norms. Individuals who study British and world literature gain insights into the historical, social, and cultural contexts in which the works were written. This allows for a better understanding of human experiences and the appreciation of different points of view. British literature composition is the process of creating written works in the English language that originate in or are related to the United Kingdom. This includes works written by British authors throughout history in the genres of fiction, poetry, drama, and nonfiction. Different literary movements, such as Medieval, Renaissance, Romanticism, and Postmodernism, have shaped the evolution of British literature composition. The composition of British literature has had a significant impact on the literary world and continues to inspire many contemporary writers.

The study explores the digitalization of foreign language curricula and assessment in Uzbekistan, focusing on the perspectives of EFL students and professors. The findings reveal positive attitudes toward incorporating digital tools and resources, with implications for enhancing engagement, competencies, and institutional support.

This article explores how Chinese and Russian scientists study the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and compares their approaches. It looks at how their views have changed as the SCO has evolved, especially given the shifting landscape of international relations.

Chinese and Russian researchers have developed unique perspectives on the SCO's role and future. Initially, both countries had similar views on the organization's goals and functions. However, recent changes have led to different expectations and priorities. Chinese scholars often see the SCO as a key player in regional economic cooperation, fitting into China's larger Belt and Road Initiative. On the other hand, Russian experts emphasize the SCO's importance in strategic and security matters, reflecting Russia's aim to balance Western influence.

The article highlights these growing differences, providing insights into how they might affect the SCO's future. Understanding these perspectives helps us see the broader impact of the SCO on regional and global stability. This comparison shows the complex relationship between national interests and academic research in shaping the future of international organizations.

This article analyzes some aspects of the formation of performance skills of music teachers in folk instruments. In relation to this issue, the works carried out in recent years, including the regulatory legal bases, have been studied

Every novelist aims to make their work engaging and widely read, striving to craft compelling dialogue that vividly conveys characters' emotions and brings their stories to life. By focusing on the speech of characters, authors can skillfully employ a range of grammatical techniques, choosing and creating fresh expressions to enhance the aesthetic impact of their writing. This careful attention to dialogue allows for a richer and more immersive reading experience. In the novels of Sharof Boshbekov, one particular linguistic tool stands out: ellipsis. Boshbekov adeptly utilizes ellipsis to convey the fluidity, influence, and naturalism of his characters' speech, adding depth and realism to his narratives. Through the strategic use of ellipsis, he is able to capture the nuances of spoken language, making his characters' dialogues more dynamic and true to life. This technique not only enhances the overall aesthetic quality of his novels but also helps to create a stronger emotional connection between the characters and the readers.

Principles of teaching (didactic principles) are the basic (general, guiding) provisions that determine the content, organizational forms and methods of the educational process in accordance with its goals and laws. Such guidelines characterize the ways in which laws and regulations can be used in accordance with intended purposes. The principles of teaching, by their origin, are a theoretical generalization of pedagogical practice. They are objective in nature, arise from practical experience, and therefore are guidelines that regulate activities in the process of teaching people. The principles cover all aspects of the learning process. At the same time, they are subjective in nature, since they are reflected in the teacher’s consciousness in different ways, with varying degrees of completeness and accuracy.

This study on assessing the challenges in using digital technologies in teaching and learning in state universities in Cameroon had as objective to find out the challenges faculty and students face in the use of digital technologies in teaching and learning in state universities in Cameroon. Four specific research questions guided the study – What challenges do faculty and students face in the use of LMS in state universities in Cameroon? What challenges do faculty and students face in the use of Video Conference Platforms in state universities in Cameroon? What challenges do faculty members face in the use of Microsoft PowerPoint in teaching in state universities in Cameroon? What challenges do faculty and students face in the use of smart devices in state universities in Cameroon? The study based on Rogers’ (1962) diffusion of innovation theory, supposing that the adoption of a new idea, behaviour or product does not happen simultaneous in a social system; rather it is a process whereby some people are more apt to adopt the innovation than others and Davis’ (1986) technology acceptance model, which posits that the more a technology is perceived as useful and easy to use; its actual usage increases. The researcher adopted a survey design in a qualitative study method. The accessible population consisted of 3666 teachers and final year undergraduate students of eight long existing state universities in Cameroon. Using Kothari and Garg (2014), 406 participants from professional faculties in five of the eight universities were selected to make up the sample size comprising 386 final year undergraduate students and 20 teachers. Stratified purposive sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used in the study. An online Google form alongside an interview guide were adopted as the study instruments. The qualitative data collected were analyzed thematically. The findings of the study showed that Poor internet connection, distractions, and frequent power cuts, were the dominant challenges reported by teachers and students in the use of digital technologies in teaching in state universities in Cameroon. Based on these findings, it was recommended that Government could cause telecommunications companies to improve on their quality of services rendered, as well as reduce the cost of internet. The Government can also diversify energy supply sources to include solar energy in universities Campuses to mitigate the effects of frequent power outages.

The article describes the conceptual foundations of career guidance of students, the opinions and opinions of our great experts on career guidance, taking into account the current state of formation of skills of general secondary education students.

In this scientific article, a small region such as "Dahbed", which is among the famous cities of Uzbekistan such as Samarkand and Bukhara, is also famous in the Islamic world, and several historical and cultural monuments are inextricably linked with the history of Dahbed in Central Asia and beyond. and the toponymy of Boborahim Mashrab heritage was studied and analyzed.

In this article, today's general secondary education schools highlight the work carried out to determine the interests of students, guide them to the profession, the achieved results, the existing problems and the tasks to be performed. In the course of the research, the experiences of Great Britain and Russia were studied in determining students' interests and directing them to the profession. Based on the results of study and analysis, it was proposed to create a new electronic system suitable for Uzbekistan - "Individual diagnosis system". Systematic monitoring of determining students' interests and directing them to the profession is indicated through the system. The results that can be achieved when launching this platform are also fully specified.

This paper explores the role and significance of visual images in the field of history. It examines how visual sources such as photographs, paintings, and other visual media contribute to historical understanding and interpretation. The study delves into the methodologies employed by historians to analyze visual images, discusses the epistemological implications of visual evidence, and considers the challenges and limitations associated with using visual images in historical research. Through a review of literature and case studies, the paper aims to highlight the importance of visual images as both sources and subjects of historical inquiry, with a particular focus on the representation of Korean women.

An awareness of women's oppression at the hands of society's dominant patriarchs is at the heart of feminist consciousness in literature. Victimized women are consequently relegated to a subaltern position within the organization. Because of this, these women have a very anti-male outlook. For many women, the mere mention of the word "feminism" evokes images of a fiercely independent and radical streak as they fight tooth and nail to establish their inherent superiority or parity with men. Feminism is an anti-oppression and anti-discrimination movement, whereas feminine consciousness is the realization that one is the center of another's attention. Being aware of this only sometimes implies fighting for social supremacy. It is also not intended to exclude males.

             The actualization of feminine awareness may hasten humanity's progress toward the fullness of being. In his plays, Sri Aurobindo depicts female characters that reflect distinct feminine understanding but do not demand equal rights with men, in contrast to the feminist authors who saw their movement as a fight for women's equality with men. The feminine qualities that are intrinsic to them motivate their husbands to face the world with courage. In Sri Aurobindo's plays, women represent the tremendous feminine force and provide men with strength, nutrition, and encouragement. A powerful and spiritually advanced entity can bestow the ability to love, defend, rescue, and inspire. In this paper, I'll do my best to highlight how feminist and feminine awareness vary.

The research aims to reveal the effect of the local environments (the alluvial plain and the western plateau) on seasonal diseases and the variation in the response of these diseases to one environment rather than another. It also aims to provide a geographical point of view regarding the characteristics of the local environment and its impact on the seasonal distribution of the most common diseases in Najaf Governorate.

The research dealt with the study of the quarterly distribution of the most common diseases in the Najaf Governorate for the year 2023, and it included three sections. The first focused on studying the theoretical framework of the research. In contrast, the second dealt with the general trend of infection with the most common diseases in the Holy Najaf Governorate, and the research ended with a study of the natural factors affecting the quarterly distribution of the most common diseases. Spread in Najaf Governorate.

The research concluded that summer diseases are more responsive to the environment of the alluvial plain than in the Western Plateau, and we find this evident in the recurrence of disease peaks in the Manathira and Mishkhab districts.

The local environments, with their natural and human characteristics, played a significant role in the spread and decline of diseases. This was evident in their diversity and the number of infections recorded in a place, as well as their variation from one season to another. To study the local environment in the study area, the researcher conducted a comprehensive field survey. This survey included administrative units from district centers and districts, represented by health centers and hospitals. The researcher also relied on medical records, counting as many as possible, to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data used in the study.

The article explores the problems of corporate ethics in the educational organization system and reflects on the fact that the modern application of corporate ethics is characterized by flexibility and diversity. Also mentioned are the possibilities of the moral factor that contributes to the resolution of conflict situations in the professional activities of pedagrgs.

Internal and external factors influence the quality and content of foreign language teaching in the global education system. It is essential to thoroughly analyze and classify modern ICTs to create an effective educational environment. Research in this area is increasingly necessary, especially considering the changing requirements for the knowledge, skills, and qualifications of future English language specialists in the era of globalization. This necessitates a more complex educational process and calls for comprehensive reform. As a result, there is a growing need to employ a blended form of education, which combines offline (traditional), online (distance), and independent learning. The main goal of this study is to reveal the practical importance of using technology integration models (TIMs), especially blended learning technologies, to improve the writing competencies of lower-level students in the context of paragraph and essay writing skills in higher education institutions (HEIs) that prepare future English language specialists. This study involves the analysis of the scientific and practical significance of TIMs, the study of the process of implementation of a new approach to technologies in a blended learning environment, the classification of both positive and negative aspects of TIMs, and the development of mechanisms for using blended learning technologies based on the PICRAT TIM. Scientific literature analysis, analytical-synthetic and comparative-contrastive research methods were used to effectively perform these tasks. According to the obtained results, blended learning consists of complex processes, and its effectiveness directly depends on the teacher's choice of the right technologies and their use in place. Additionally, the blended form of learning, which combines offline, online, and independent forms of learning, has caused a conceptual change in the approaches to technology that are currently in practice. The conclusion was that the most important aspect of using technologies in teaching writing competence to future specialists of the English language in higher education is to create an innovative educational environment for them.

John Steinbeck’s East of Eden goes beyond just being a great tale because of the complex ecological topics it explores. The purpose of this research paper is to deconstruct the novel’s ecocritical layers by analysing Steinbeck’s use of landscape and environmental components to communicate moral and philosophical thoughts. The article places East of Eden in the context of Steinbeck’s larger environmental philosophy, drawing attention to his profound affinity with nature and ecological concerns. After that, it examines the novel’s lush geography, looking at how the many natural locations shown in the story affect people and what happens. Moreover, the article delves into the themes of memory and the natural environment in the East of Eden, shedding light on how ecological experiences and memories of specific places impact the growth of characters and resonate themes. This study analyses Steinbeck’s use of nature to reflect human nature, morality, and the complexity of life through an analysis of important passages and characters. This article uses ecocritical theory and literary analysis to provide a detailed study of how the East of Eden is an ecological allegory that encourages readers to think about our place in the natural world and the moral consequences of being good stewards of it. In the end, it contends that Steinbeck’s work goes beyond just telling a story and provides deep ecological lessons, making readers question where they fit into the greater biological web of life.

In this article, the issues of organizing the research process of the theory of receptive poetics, which implies the reception of the reader, are considered. It is assumed that the data collected during the methodology of scientific creation will be divided into qualitative and quantitative data. Research ethics and consent letter are covered as the basis of the research methodology.

The implementation of the gender approach in teaching adolescents and the impact of gender on their autonomous decision-making skills are discussed in the article. Some steps of making decisions and their role in the process of orienting schoolchildren in future life are mentioned as well.

Language is vital in today's globally linked society to enable cross-cultural communication. This abstract delves into the importance of language in international relations, specifically how it affects commerce, diplomacy, and cultural exchange. It delves into how learning a new language might improve communication between countries, leading to less tension and more cooperation. Additionally, the study discusses the significance of being bilingual in global situations and the difficulties of language diversity. This study examines case studies and theoretical viewpoints to demonstrate how language facilitates international communication. It emphasizes the importance of well-crafted language policies and education to foster global engagement.

This article about a new modern method of psychology provides complete information about biofeedback, describes in detail the use of biofeedback in the practice of psychologists in the Uzbek environment as an effective psychocorrective weapon for various psychological and psychophysiological problems in the implementation of psychocorrective work.

The objective of the study is to investigate the difficulty of using irregular verbs in the students writing an essay at the University of Babylon.

   The design of this study is descriptive qualitative research. The sample of the study comprised 25 students in their fourth year, and it was selected randomly. The findings of the study showed that 70% of the students were unable to use irregular cases such as verbs and adjectives incorrectly.  Also, the findings show that the students use both regular and irregular verb (past) in their students' writing essays. The most dominant verb past written by the students in their students’ writing essay is an irregular verb. Regular verbs are verbs that can change according to tense and  change it  regularly. Regular verbs are verbs whose changes comply with normal rules, that is with add the letter -d or -ed to the verb first-form/verb-1  (infinitive)  so  that  it  becomes  a  verb  form  second/verb-2  (past tense). Several things must be considered in the way of  forming regular  verbs by adding the letter -ed suffix or -d in the basic verb/verb-1 (infinitive). Irregular verbs are verbs  that  change  according  to  the  tense  and  do  not  comply  with  normal compliance. The past tense Irregular verbs are not formed from basic verbs/verb-1 (infinitives) plus letters -d or -ed letters to  form verb-2/past tense.  Irregular verbs form their past tense differently (through) not always) through a vowel and consonant change.  This study recommends students should be well-trained on how to use irregular verbs in the past tense case or changing the form of the regular adjective, and also must be memorized by the learners/students because of the difficulty  to distinguish the irregular verbs among the sentences.

Variable approach to foreign language teaching aims to develop the secondary language personality of future specialists, ensures professionally oriented research, individualizes the training process and encourages students  to self-train in foreign languages. It is necessary to create a diverse educational space, an individual learning path. Applying a variable approach in a higher education institution will focus on the language skills, personal and professional interests, cognitive learning styles and psychological characteristics of students, it will improve foreign language learning motivation and ensure better language training for future professionals.

In this article, complex processes in the socio-economic situation of the Soviet Union in the 90s of the 20th century, such as the state of tension, took place in all the republics of the Union, including Uzbekistan. These processes were shown in this article only through the Kashkadarya region. Despite the difficult conditions, the hardworking residents of the Kashkadarya region showed their hard work. In 1986-1989, I.A. Karimov, who was the governor of the region, showed his leadership skills and helped to alleviate the complicated situations in the region. The inhabitants of the region overcame all difficult situations with their strong will and patience. And in the end, the independence of Uzbekistan led to a radical change in these processes. The socio-economic situation in the Kashkadarya region on the eve of the independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan is considered through this article.

The article provides materials on mathematical processing of data obtained during monitoring of the species diversity of living organisms under the influence of anthropogenic or man-made press on biocenoses, as well as calculations of concentrations of man-made pollutants. The necessity and timeliness of their inclusion in the curriculum of biology students are substantiated.

The article offers a description of the possible content and methods of training specialists in the organization of children's and youth leisure, receiving education at a pedagogical university. The technology for organizing professional training of a teacher as an organizer of children's leisure presented in the article reflects the contextual specificity of such training in professional pedagogical education and is manifested at all levels of implementation of the conceptual model of pedagogical animation. The theoretical principles and conclusions contained in the article can be used for scientific and technological support of the process of training teachers and organizers of children's leisure in the system of higher and postgraduate professional pedagogical education, taking into account regional characteristics and the processes of its modernization.

In the context of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), the development of multimodal listening skills is increasingly critical due to the prevalence of multimedia communication in professional settings. This article proposes a comprehensive pedagogical framework for enhancing multimodal listening abilities in ESP learners. The framework is built on key components including needs analysis, the use of authentic materials, an integrated skills approach, leveraging technological tools, scaffolded learning, active listening strategies, and feedback mechanisms. By incorporating these elements, educators can effectively prepare learners for the complex multimodal interactions they will encounter in their specific fields. This approach not only improves listening comprehension but also facilitates a deeper engagement with language in context, ensuring that learners are equipped with the necessary skills to succeed in their professional endeavors.

The research aims to study the impact of digitization on marketing strategies for tourism services. Tourism companies use modern technology that depends on re-planning and enhancing the work of tourism and travel companies, such as online reservation services and even virtual mobile phones, using digitized devices enhanced with artificial intelligence. Digitization is the necessity of the era within the digital reality with its technical, economic, and human dimensions. It has opened new horizons for effective social networking for tourism companies dealing with their customers to speed up the process of providing tourism services to them by understanding their needs for those services. Adopting marketing strategies in delivering tourism services has become inevitable, so this research emphasized lowering costs, focusing on customers, and adopting a culture of innovation and creativity.

 The research sample included 120 tourism and travel companies with managers at different levels and individuals working in them within the Holy Najaf Governorate. The questionnaire was used as a tool to collect primary data, which contains (35) questions. In light of this, primary data was obtained through the responses of 100 surveyed companies. Data analysis and tests of research hypotheses were conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.