The issues of evaluating the effectiveness of cluster structures will not lose their relevance in the near future. In modern conditions, with limited financial resources, there are serious problems in choosing effective investment options. The proposed cluster assessment methodology to some extent solves this problem.

The global refugee crisis has brought to the forefront the need to provide meaningful and sustainable opportunities for refugees to rebuild their lives and integrate into new societies. This research paper presents a framework for implementing collaborative coding programs in higher education institutions, aimed at empowering refugees with coding skills. The proposed framework is designed to foster a supportive learning environment that addresses the unique challenges faced by refugee students and promotes their socio-economic inclusion. Through partnerships between higher education institutions, non-governmental organizations, and the tech industry, this framework aims to offer comprehensive coding education and support services to refugees. By combining technical training with language and cultural support, as well as mentorship opportunities, the collaborative coding program seeks to equip refugees with marketable skills and prepare them for success in the digital economy. This research examines the potential impact of such initiatives on refugee empowerment, social integration, and long-term self-sufficiency. The findings serve as a valuable resource for institutions and organizations seeking to contribute to refugee empowerment through education and technological training.

This article examines the research conducted by the international community on the problems of preparing a person for life in the information environment in connection with the growing influence of mass media and information technologies, the development of media competence of educators in the conditions of informatization of education. The purpose of the work is a theoretical justification of the important role of Media literacy in the training of medical personnel to improve the quality of medical services provided and increase the media literacy of the population, as well as the development of practical recommendations on this issue. In the course of the study, the authors express opinions on media literacy and Media literacy of medical students, analyzing the possibilities of practical use of Media literacy for professional development of specialists and patient care, allowing to reveal deep assimilation, interest and perception of Media literacy in the professional medical environment.

Le présent article, une analyse descriptive du phénomène de phonologisation du français dans les régions anglophones du Cameroun postule qu’il s’agit d’un procédé beaucoup plus complexe que pour le cas d’anglais. La variété des productions observables chez les locuteurs anglophones interroge frontalement l’hypothèse qu’il existe un objet que l’on pourrait appeler “le” français. L’existence d’une variété inter et intra-individuelle importante et largement observée dans les productions des locuteurs anglophones montre en particulier que l’acquisition de la phonologie comporte à l’évidence une dimension heuristique. Les locuteurs ont-ils pour autant des usages correspondant à des grammaires ou manifestent-ils de manière non évidemment explicite pour un auditeur adulte une logique systémique reflétant l’accès progressif à un état “stabilisé” de la phonologie “du” français? Les questions qui se posent alors pour rendre compte de l’acquisition de la phonologie “du” français chez les locuteurs de L1 peuvent se decliner un deux points: que reflètent les variations produites par les locuteurs pour une forme lexicale donnée ? Reflètent-elles une variété formelle supposant une phonologisation transitoire de formes érronées ou tronquées qui seront ensuite transformées ou remplacées et témoignent-elles alors d’une grammaire évolutive, émergeant progressivement? Constituent-t-elles au contraire des variations de surface, des essais qui ne seront jamais stockés dans le lexique et dont il ne restera aucune trace quand la forme lexicale sera stabilisée. Comment interpréter la variation dans une stratégie d’acquisition et quel statut attribuer à toutes ces “versions” du français à un moment de l’acquisition? S’agit-il de français et pourquoi observe-t-on autant d’approximations dans l’usage adulte avant la production d’une forme “normalisée”?

This scientific article covers the types of audits and inspections, their classification and specific aspects of conducting, comparative analysis of the types of audits and inspections.

In this article, methods of modernizing the education of the "Biology" department of Urganch State University in order to ensure the conditions for the formation and development of alternative models of the professional and personal growth of teachers for today based on the principles of training and sustainability of the new generation of biology teachers. was studied. In order to ensure sustainable development, ideas and methods of integrating education and professional training of future biology teachers were defined. The factor forming the methodical system of preparation for professional activity is the idea of combining an active approach to knowledge acquisition with their moral reflection, awareness of personal value in professional and everyday life.

This article is dedicated to highlighting the linguopoetic features of onomastic units used in the text of Kashkadarya folk epics, nouns in the epics form the text as an alleutic unit in addition to the nominative function and provide intertextuality, create a comic effect, and express a negative or positive assessment,  it is proved by examples from folklore works that it fulfills the functions of expressing strong emotions, clarifying the image as part of a rhetorical figure, and expressing appeals with different meanings.

This study delves into the reactions and perceptions of educators in response to the implementation of a task-based survey and presentation course. Task-based language teaching (TBLT) has gained recognition as an effective pedagogical approach for language education. In this research, qualitative and quantitative methods were employed to gather data on educators' experiences, challenges, and views concerning the integration of TBLT principles into the course curriculum. The findings illuminate the educators' perspectives and provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of TBLT in enhancing language learning and teaching practices.

The author has studied the views of Makhmudhoja Behbudi on the independence of Turkestan. It pays special attention to the question of nation and nationality. Also, the political, economic, spiritual and educational directions of the author Behbudi’s publicism in the Turkestan region are analyzed as the main part of his progressive work. At the same time, it was studied that the introduction of the educational system in a new way, the literacy of the local people, and the promotion of science and enlightenment are among the main issues in the Turkestan region. Basically, it is aimed to convey Behbudi’s views on the need to spread enlightenment through school, press, and stage to the students. It is shown in practice that the main idea in Behbudi’s work is the struggle for the independence of Turkestan and the grief of the nation.

This study on adopting smart devices in teaching for the acquisition of 21st century employability skills by students in State Universities in Cameroon had as objective to find out the extent to which the use of smart devices in teaching can enhance the acquisition of 21st-century employability skills by students in state universities in Cameroon. Two research questions guided the study: - To what extent is the use of smart phones in teaching effective in enhancing the acquisition of 21st-century employability skills by students in State Universities in Cameroon? To what extent is the use of Laptops in teaching effective in enhancing the acquisition of 21st-century employability skills by students in State Universities in Cameroon? It was hypothesized that the use of smart devices in teaching does not significantly enhance students’ acquisition of 21st-century employability skills in state universities in Cameroon.The study based on Rogers’ (1962) diffusion of innovation theory, supposing that the adoption of a new idea, behaviour, or product does not happen simultaneously in a social system; rather, it is a process whereby some people are more apt to adopt the innovation than others and Davis (1986) technology acceptance model, which posits that the more a technology is perceived as useful and easy to use, its’ actual usage increases. The study adopted an exploratory sequential research design in a mixed-methods study. The accessible population consisted of 3666 teachers and final-year undergraduate students of eight state universities in Cameroon. Using Krejcie & Morgan (1970), 406 participants from professional faculties in five of the eight long existing state universities in Cameroon, were selected to make up the sample size, comprising 386 final-year undergraduate students, and 20 teachers. The stratified purposive sampling, and purposive sampling techniques were adopted for the study. Online Google forms alongside a paper questionnaire, and an interview guide were adopted as the study instruments. The quantitative data were analysed using SPSS version 25 with the aid of descriptive and inferential statistics. The Spearman rho test was used to test the hypotheses and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used for regression analysis. The qualitative data were analysed thematically. The findings of the study showed that the use of smart phones and laptops in teaching had a significant, moderate, and positive impact on students’ acquisition of 21st-century employability skills (r- value = 0.418**, p-value 0.000< 0.05) in state universities in Cameroon. In conclusion, the findings of the study showed that smart devices do not only help students in information sourcing but enhanced their communication skills, critical thinking & problem solving skills, creativity and team working skills. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that the state should make teaching with smart devices a policy in state universities and university teachers should be encouraged to use of smart Phones and Laptops in teaching to enhance students’ acquisition of 21st century employability. It was also recommended that government should take appropriates measure to resolve the energy crisis, internet disruptions and training challenges both teachers and students are currently facing.

The article substantiates the necessity and expediency of teaching foreign language reading using strategies. The mastering of reading strategies has a significant impact on the formation of students' ability to acquire the necessary knowledge from different sources of information (in foreign and native languages), and to overcome difficulties in learning.

This article discusses the marriage issues in Beruni’s “Hindistan” and Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani’s “al-Hidaya”. Family and marriage issues have gone through certain stages in all nations until they acquired certain moral and spiritual criteria to one degree or another. It is mentioned in the work “Hindistan” that the people living in the mountains from the Panchhar region to Kashmir considered it necessary and obligatory to multiply with their biological brothers and take one wife. In our article, we also aimed to do a comparative analysis of the issues of family and marriage among Indians mentioned in the work “Hindistan”, and the methods of solving this issue among Muslims, based on the work “al-Hidaya” by Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani.

The article describes the norms of examination in the criminal procedural legislation and practice of the Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, China, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan and a number of other foreign countries.

This article discusses the main results and conclusions of a study conducted in schools in Uzbekistan, the main purpose of which is the presence of schoolchildren in Uzbekistan in the digital environment (Internet, social networks) and their impact on the well-being and health of adolescents. The study showed that children, especially in high school, are more “advanced” in communicating with computer equipment and smartphones, in knowing computer programs and navigating the Internet than parents and teachers.

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the fact that the motivation of teaching as a scientific problem attracts more and more attention of scientific thought every year. This is due not only to its enormous influence on the process and results of human activity in general and the student's teaching in particular, but also to the fact that it determines the direction of a person's personality, the presence or absence of social activity, in short, everything that characterizes the holistic appearance of a person.