The article provides data on the physical and mechanical properties of irrigated meadow soils in the Zhandar region. Depending on the mechanical composition, the degree of salinity and cultivation, it varies within a wide range of physical and mechanical properties, there are certain differences caused by their genesis and regional characteristics.

The results of the investigations of the activity concentration of natural radionuclides in certain building materials and foodstuff samples obtained from the Nurabad district of the Samarkand region of Uzbekistan are presented. The gamma radiation spectra of the samples were measured in Marinelli beaker geometry on γ- spectrometer with a Ge(Li) detector and energy resolution 6% on the 1332 keV line of ⁶⁰Co. A personal computer and standard computer programs were used to accumulate and process the spectra. The characteristic density of the samples ranged from 140 to 1810 g/l. The activity concentration of ⁴⁰K was observed to be comparatively higher than that of both ²²⁶Ra and ²³²Th in all the studied samples. The results reveal that the low activity of ¹³⁷Cs in the samples is attributed due to its half-life decay period.

This article covers phytonematodaphauna of vegetable crops and measures against parasites in the greenhouse conditions of the Surkhandarya region. The phytonematodes found and identified as a result of the research carried out belong to 5 categories, 18 families, 32 generations, 68 species according to taxonomic classification.

Studies 15 species of true parasite fetonimatoda in the soil around the tomato plant and its roots in the greenhouse conditions of the Surkhandarya region (Bitylenchusdubius, Merliniines brevidens, Tylenchorhynchus brassicae, Rotylenchus robustus, Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus,  H. digonicus, H. Dihystera, H. digitiformis,H.erythrinae, Pratylenchus pratensis, P.penetrans, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, M. arenaria, Ditylenehus dipsaci) the prevalence was determined.

In this article, the calculation of the strength and crack resistance of bending elements operating under conditions of high and high temperatures and transverse forces are proposed to be carried out according to a calculation model developed based on an analysis of experimental studies that takes into account more correctly the physics of the stress-strain phenomenon of the element.

The following article deals with the data obtained as a result of studying the productivity of cotton varieties in conditions of soil salinity and water scarcity. During experiments ythe results  have shown that in the soil-climatic and salinity conditions of the Bukhara oasis, the growth of the Bukhara-8 cotton variety, the expansion of the leaf surfaces are higher than that of the Omad and C-4727 cotton varieties. According to the results of the research, it was recommended to use Bukhara-8 and C-4727 varieties, which had high adaptability in grassland-alluvial, red-brown and desert-sandy saline soils of the Bukhara oasis, as a starting material in selection processes and to plant in areas with unfavorable abiotic factors.

One of the promising areas in the technology of oilseed processing is electro physical processing methods. The use of electrophysical processing methods dramatically accelerates the flow of processes, increases labor productivity, reduces the need for production facilities, and in some cases reduces energy consumption. Based on the foregoing, it is possible to formulate the main goal of studying the process of heat treatment of cotton seed mint in a two-phase flow: to identify rational conditions for the process, to outline rational ways for effective structural design of the apparatus for heat treatment of cotton seed mint.

Mechanisms of action on tissues caused by helminths are known to lead to atrophic changes. Especially sharp atrophy is observed in echinococcosis. At the same time, along with mechanical destruction and compression ischemia of tissues adjacent to the bodies of helminths, irreversible necrobiotic or necrotic changes occur due to toxic effects on the host body. At the same time with mechanical damage to tissues disturbed by helminthiasis, productive and inflammatory phenomena occur, leading to the growth and neoplasm of tissue elements, as in echinococcosis. The General complex of pathomorphological changes in helminthiasis is currently regarded as a manifestation of allergies and immune suppression. In this connection, there is an almost important question about the mechanisms of formation of manifestations of helminthiasis in the form of specific syndromes that determine the correctness of their diagnosis. These syndromes and their changes in the dynamics of the disease are based on typical pathological processes (dystrophy, local circulatory disorders, myocarditis, inflammation, allergies, immune deficits, etc.).

A short, medium and long-term forecast of changes in the surrounding landscapes due to the reduction of water in the Aydar-Arnasay lake system has been developed.

The article presents the main reasons and the need for highly qualified specialists in the field of physics, as well as radiation medicine.

The article provides examples of changes in the technical operation of vehicles, their application and use, as well as the impact on the technical condition of vehicles.

The article introduces students to the method of using the theoretical laws of the visual arts to create works of art, students were provided with information on the formation of the ability to see and describe the shape of the body at a distance, history, theory, methodology of fine arts and the ancient stages of its development.

In this work, we investigated an intermediate layer in the structure of a photosensitive MOS structure nCdO / pCdTe . X-ray phase analysis shows that the intermediate layer between Mo and pCdTe is   rather complex in composition. It contains dichalcogenides - three oxide MoO₃ and a thin layer of a composite material with the composition of ditelluride MoTe₂ . According to X-ray diffraction measurements, the total thickness of the intermediate layer is no more than ~ 200Ǻ. It was shown that in the nCdO / pCdTe structure the base material CdTe mainly consists of a homogeneous cubic modification layer.

The article covers results of research of drying process of apricot fruits by the method of three-stage energy supply. The main stages of drying have been defined, including: pulsed infrared heating, instantaneous pressure impact, convective drying. Optimal technological parameters of energy supply in the process of drying apricot fruits at each stage have been developed. The choice of the method for the experimental determination of the drying speed by the parameters of the drying agent for the capillary-porous material is substantiated. The sequence of changes in moisture content in a given material under the influence of a three-stage energy supply is described. The conditions for drying fruits are established and the values of the drying speed in the first period for various methods of energy supply have been selected.

The article provides data on the fauna and distribution of parasitic phytonematodes of pomegranate agrocenoses in the southern regions of Uzbekistan. The study revealed 30 parasitic species (22 ectoparasitic and 8 endoparasitic) of phytonematodes belonging to 2 orders, 8 families and 12 genera. It is defined that around root soil and root system of pomegranate plant are met such species as  Longidorus elongatus, Xiphinema opisthohysterum, Tylenchorhynchus cylindricus, Bitylenchus dubius, Quinisulcius capitatus, Merlinius brevidens, Rotylenchus robustus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, H. erythrinae, Paratylenchus hamatus, Pratylenchus pratensis, Mеloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and Ditylenchus dipsaci.

The transparent surface of low-temperature solar devices is insulated with glass or polyethylene. Ensuring more light penetration from such surfaces ensures efficient operation of the device, in other words, the device has a high efficiency. Selecting the device design to allow most of the sunlight falling on the transparent surface to enter the device, keeping the transparent surface clean, reducing the angle of incidence of the light to small values, and so on. In most cases, it depends on the parameters. In this article, we analyze the theoretical and practical solutions of work related to the selection and optimization of the angle of incidence of light on the transparent surface of the device to increase the incidence of sunlight during the day. Light absorption, rotation and absorotion of light into low- temperature solar cells. Mathematical analysis and formulas are given.

Geochemical testing covered the entire territory of Uzbekistan, but with varying degrees of detail. Most, 85-88% of the republic's area is covered with Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments, with which exogenous deposits are associated. Pre-Mesozoic formations - the environment of localization of endogenous deposits, confined to the mountain systems of the Median and South Tien Shan. Mountain heights with outcrops of Pre-Mesozoic rocks occupy about 12-15% in area, the rest is in semi-closed and closed territories. Primary halos are recorded on the surface and at depth, secondary ones on the surface, as well as near it: below the raft - in water, above - in the surface atmosphere. Improving forecasting efficiency in regional geochemical works, interpretation and assessment of different-rank ore-generating geochemical anomalies in complex landscape-geological conditions.

This paper presents the problem of power quality in asymmetric modes in low-voltage electrical networks. The modeling of determination of power value, voltages and currents and, accordingly, their symmetric components, using the Simulink package in the MatLab program is shown.

In patients with radiculopathies of various origins, along with chronic pain syndrome, various prolapse of the pyramidal sphere of the peripheral nervous system is observed [1]. In groups of patients with radiculopathies, the motor sphere was investigated using the described methods of studying the neurological status Skoromets A. A, which revealed a statistically significant limitation of the motor sphere [2]. The performed electroneuromyography confirmed the lesion in the motor fibers in patients with chronic pain syndrome with radiculopathies of various origins [4].

The article describes the techniques of cognitive development and competence. The students with weak accomplishments are at the lowest level of these relationships, the level characterized by a lack of relation to knowledge.  The cognitive technique can be labeled in different ways, but the most important thing is to define its goal, so that it is clear to the participants, so that it brings advice /instructions/ for implementation, so that it is open to modification and transformation. It must direct the study process towards thinking, towards the stages of comprehension, towards the conditionality of the relation "memorization–competence."

This article analyzes the processes associated with calcium in nerve cells. Pathological changes in the nerve cells negatively affect the natural physiological processes in the human organism. Elevated intracellular Са²⁺ concentrations are involved in neurotransmitter release, synapse plasticity, enzyme activation, and gene expression. Of great importance is the question of studying the mechanisms of pharmacological correction using biologically active substances in pathological conditions in the brain in the synaptosomes, Са²⁺ transport.

Today, the types of vehicles and their functions are increasing, creating favorable conditions for humans. Sensors play an important role in performing functions such as driving, tracking, traffic regulation. The main function of sensors is to receive incoming information and transmit it to other forms of data. For example, we can take photoelectric sensors. Photoelectric sensors receive incoming light current and transmit information in the form of electrical voltage.

Acknowledges the importance of testing mineral deposits and it rises to the level of responsible stage of exploration and mining operations. According to the results of testing carried out important practical conclusions. Role sampling increases due to a decrease of conditions for industrial mineralization worldwide.

In this article, the ideological preventive work among adolescents has been socio-pedagogically substantiated. The authors have studied the protection of adolescents from destructive ideological influences as a socio-pedagogical challenge and analyzed the current state of prevention processes in mahallas (neighborhoods). They have also revealed the socio-pedagogical features of ideological prevention processes.

The article presents data from experimental studies of the effect of polymer additives POLY – ANS on capillary absorption of concrete. It is shown that under the influence of POLY– ANS additives, the density, water tightness of concrete increases and hydrophobization of the walls of pores and capillaries is ensured (the wettability of concrete decreases) and, consequently, the corrosion resistance of concrete increases. It was found that for accelerated assessment of the degree of influence of POLY – ANS additives on the permeability of concrete, it is effective to use the criterion of a relative measure of hydrophobicity.

This article is about the creative laboratory of the People's Artist of Uzbekistan, laureate of the Order of Labor Glory, well-known choreographer, art critic-ethnographer Gavharhonim Matyokubova.

This article presents the methods and principles of developing an analogue model for mathematical modeling of energy efficiency management systems.

It was shown from capacitive measurements that the concentration of chromium levels decreases after irradiation of the samples with gamma quanta of the 60Co isotope, and the rate of formation of A centres in Si (Cr) is 8-10 times higher than in the control samples.

The prospects of development of ecotourism with consideration of natural geographical features of Aydar-Arnasay swamp were analyzed.

The conditions for low and highly substituted water-soluble carboxymethyl cellulose synthesis based on microcrystalline and powder cellulose by the suspension method have been investigated. Accordingly, it was obtained CMC water-soluble samples with 0.38-0.40 substitution degree based on microcrystalline and powder cellulose. And at one stage, there were obtained CMC samples with a high degree of substitution (1.4) by carboxymethylation so called polyanionic cellulose.

This article examines the modern urbanized environment in which such environmental problems as air pollution, lack of clean water, overgrown industrial areas, degradation of green spaces arise. Urban ecology problems occupy an important place in the entire range of environmental problems. It is necessary to develop a unified concept of ecological and urban development of urban areas.