Volume 2.
Issue 12.

This article deals with the importance of exercise in the development of consciousness. Here, in the examples, one can see the positive effects of exercise on human health, on performance and life. The article will be useful to all interested readers.

When assessing the level of energy efficiency of civilian buildings, a special place is given to establishing the level of thermal protection of their external enclosing structures. Significant discrepancies in the results of theoretical and experimental studies of heat fluxes through the outer walls of buildings erected in seismic areas are associated with the design features of fences - the presence of reinforced concrete elements in them: anti-seismic belts at the level of floors, cores at intersections of walls and along the edges of large window openings ... In addition, in recent years, external walls have become widespread, which are filling of bricks or aerated concrete blocks between the main structural elements of the frame - monolithic reinforced concrete columns and crossbars.

The introduction of reinforced concrete elements into the structure of the external wall fencing provides strength, rigidity and stability of buildings, guarantees its seismic resistance. At the same time, reinforced concrete inclusions are significant “cold bridges” in warmer brick or aerated concrete masonry. Such heat engineering heterogeneity of earthquake-resistant outer walls significantly complicates the process of determining their heat-shielding properties. This, in turn, leads to errors in the design of heating systems, which inevitably affects the thermal comfort of the premises, the formation of condensation and mold zones in the cold zones of the inner surface of the fences.

 The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies to determine the heat-shielding properties of external heat-engineering heterogeneous walls of earthquake-resistant buildings. The most reliable method for calculating the reduced resistance to heat transfer of an inhomogeneous external structure and the coefficient of its thermal inhomogeneity have been established.

The article analyzes the preface of “Khazoin ul-Maoniy” and the interpretations of Hussein Boykaro in the poet’s ghazals.

In practice, the durability of the combine harvester is of great importance because during this period the seeds acquire a conditioning character during cultivation and meet the requirements of state standards for sowing quality. Technological longevity is a term in which baking, fodder or technical properties must be preserved during the grain harvesting period.

 For cereal or polluting mixtures in accordance with current standards, seeds of wild plants and some cultivated plants that belong to them breathe during storage, they undergo the last ripening processes from the collection and bruising under certain conditions. These include all the patterns and features inherent in the main type of culture that makes up the grain mass.

This paper discusses the incompatibility of theoretical models and observational results, which is one of the most pressing issues in astrophysics today, and points out the shortcomings of theoretical models in the formation of planets as a result.

Majma’u-l-masoil was written in the 18th century by a poet named Afzali alias. It is a work on jurisprudence. The article first analyzes the types of rhymes and rhyming parts used in Majma’u-l-masoil. It was found that the muqayyad-i mujarrad type of rhyme, the vasl, xuruj, mazid and noyira types of absolute rhyme were used.

The music lesson is a leading scholar in the system of music education, because it covers sounds in a general way. Music lessons are different from other science lessons in that they are less artistically interesting and give children more creative pleasure, arousing emotional feelings and figurative experiences. Music, in particular, has a great positive effect on the mental and moral development of children.

The process of informatization, which has embraced all aspects of the life of modern society today, has several priority areas, which, of course, should include the informatization of education. It is the fundamental principle of the global rationalization of human intellectual activity through the use of information and communication technologies (hereinafter ICT).

The ultimate goals of informatization of education are to provide a qualitatively new model for training future members of the information society, for whom active mastery of knowledge, flexible changes in their functions in work, the ability for human communication, creative thinking and planetary consciousness will become a vital necessity. Such a profound influence on learning goals is based on the potential of the computer as a means of cognitive and research activities, a means of providing a personality-oriented approach to learning, contributing to the development of individual abilities of students in both the humanities and the exact sciences.

The article discusses the use of innovative technological methods in teaching physics, the combination of information technology, modern pedagogical technologies and interactive methods to improve the effectiveness of teaching. This article is intended for physics teachers, professionals, and students.

Creating conditions for R&D in the post-industrial type of development is an extremely urgent issue. With its scientific potential, the economy will be in a significant advanced position compared to developing countries. The article examines the current state of research in the field of the economy of knowledge and innovation, reveals the factors of accelerated development of the knowledge economy. Separately, the requirements are disclosed that make it possible to create systemic prerequisites for the formation of a knowledge economy and an innovation environment.

The article examines the innocent victims who were selfless representatives of the Karakalpak people, such as Ubaydulla Baoetdinov (Khan Maksim), Kutlymuratbiy (Bala biy), Inayat bolis Niyazov, Ollo'r Dustnazarov, Kasym Auebaev, Kasim Aoezov in the Bolshevik government during policy of repression. It is estimated that 70% of the representatives of the Karakalpak Autonomous Region were arrested under the name "public enemy", as a result of which the population became afraid and the policy of totalitarianism was intensified.

The territory of Uzbekistan consists of temperate and subtropical desert zones. 88.6% of Bukhara region is desert. Ancient roads in the desert part of the region (Bukhara - Karshi, Bukhara - Khorezm, etc.), water bodies (Amu-Bukhara canal, abandoned lakes, cisterns, mineral springs and wells, etc.) and special reserves (state orders, reserves, etc.), ancient cities (Varakhsha, Poykent, Vardonze, etc.), historical monuments and shrines can serve as tourist attractions.

The article reveals the essence of the concepts of “Information and communication space” and “communicative potential” even only professionally make sense only in a society that acquires the features of the created information society, which is the heir to the postindustrial era.

The article considers that the course of more than 5 decades as a result of the infiltration of contaminated waters of open pits, dumps, slag accumulators of the copper smelting plant (CSP), the production association (PА) "Ammophos", tailing dumps of copper concentrating factories (СCF -1 and СCF -2), as well as due to the leakage of reagents from the sulfuric acid shop through rocks that are not consistent in area and insignificant thickness of loess-like loams, and the penetration of polluting components into the aquifer occurs. Due to the action of the infiltration flow, a change in the chemical composition of soils occurs on solid soil particles, a number of chemical compounds are sorbed.

This article focuses on the negative impact of the development of modern energy on the environment and the problems of reducing and preventing this impact. The role of the education system in solving such a global problem and the use of modern information technologies are discussed in article.

This article gives information on variety of forms and genres in modern poetry. In world literature, poetic genres form a unique artistic system. In particular, genres such as room, sonnet, ballad, rondo, triolet, hokku, elegy have signs of centuries-old development. Therefore, the characteristics of these genres are intertwined, interacting and living. These genres, which are traditional in world poetry, have their own laws and certain definitions. We discuss those issues in our research.

In this article, the author analyzes the specific scientific and spiritual law of medieval oriental architecture, as well as the similarity of building methods and the peculiarities of architectural style and artistic symbols, creating a form that ensures the harmony of shapes and is the basis for geometric analysis. The differences and similarities of ancient monuments in Uzbekistan are also shown. In particular, the constructions of ancient buildings in Shakhrisabz, Samarkand and Khorezm.

The article highlights the issues, such as  Kurama ethnicity ( or “ethnic group of Kuramas”), which is involved in the Uzbek nation, its ethnic composition, the identity sense of the Kuramas in terms of unity of the people, the attitude to the Uzbek national unity and transformational processes. Corresponding issues are presented as material for ongoing scientific analysis based on field materials and, where appropriate, scientific and popular literature data. The core meaning of the term “kurama” is explined by the fact that this ethnic group is of the polycomponent. To be specific, it is feasable to promote the idea that the genetic composition of Kuramas has a common root with Karluk, Kipchak and Oguz ethnicities, since the period of Turkish commonality. Subsequently, after the end of the Turkish commonality and the formation of independent Turkic fraternal nations, the ethnic union of the Uzbek, Turkmen, Kyrgyz and Kazakh peoples began in Central Asia. In particular, the main core of the Uzbek nation began with the Karluk branch, while the Uyghur ethnos grew in the same process with the Uzbek ethnic genesis, and the subsequent stages of development in the border areas were independent. However, the bond of historical ties between the two branches has not been ripped  up.

The article also analyses the issues of genetic memory of Kuramin residents of different villages along the streams of mountain and rivers. Thus, a survey conducted among the residents of Lashkarak Sai shows that the older generation practically began to forget the tribal origins of not only individual families, but also the entire group of residents of the compact community of the village. As for the inhabitants of Ertashsay, which originates from the Karakush peak, dividing the Tianshan mountain ranges into Chatkal and Kurama, they partly associate themselves with the traditional 92 Uzbek tribes. However, this information of Ertashsay residents is contraindicated for data on the genetic mixing of the Kuramis, consisting of Uzbek-Kazakh-Kyrgyz components.

                Our observations on the formation of the names of certain groups of Kuramins are interesting. Thus, the inhabitants of a number of villages, who have retained the memory of family ties in the past, are now known by various nicknames given to them from other villages. For example, Ezma top (chatty), Kal topi (bald), Zhanghirok topi (bells), Pulat topi (steelworkers), Toq topi (fed), etc. In addition, some groups of Kuraminians got their names from their place of residence: Kuramin residents Kurboz, Badrangi, Chelenovul, Ajir ovul, Samguron ovul, Guldirama soy, Kara kishlak, Soyogzi, etc.

In general, in the ethno-cultural situation of the Kuramin people, there is a gradual tendency to smooth out the previously stable traditional forms of life, social relations and purely Kuramin rituals and customs, which merge with the general Uzbek ones, since the Kuramin people mostly identify themselves as Uzbeks.