The rapid evolution of ultra-high-power laser technology over the past two decades has fundamentally transformed the experimental and theoretical landscape of high-field physics. The realization of petawatt-class and multi-petawatt laser systems has enabled laboratory access to electromagnetic field strengths approaching, and in some regimes exceeding, those naturally occurring in extreme astrophysical environments. This technological leap has catalyzed the emergence of strong-field quantum electrodynamics as an experimentally accessible domain, where radiation reaction, nonlinear Compton scattering, Breit–Wheeler pair production, and quantum electrodynamic cascades play dominant roles in laser–matter interactions (Danson et al., 2015; Di Piazza et al., 2012). Recent demonstrations of laser intensities surpassing twenty-three orders of magnitude in watts per square centimeter have further narrowed the gap between theoretical predictions formulated in the mid-twentieth century and their direct empirical validation (Yoon et al., 2021). Within this context, the present article develops a comprehensive and critical examination of extreme-intensity laser–matter interactions grounded strictly in the provided literature corpus. The analysis integrates historical developments in laser science, foundational quantum electrodynamics in strong fields, and contemporary experimental and numerical studies of radiation reaction and electron–positron plasma formation. Rather than offering a cursory overview, the article elaborates each concept through extensive theoretical background, scholarly debate, and critical interpretation, emphasizing unresolved tensions between classical, semiclassical, and fully quantum descriptions. Particular attention is devoted to the role of laser-driven particle accelerators, plasma mirrors, and laser–beam collider geometries in enabling experimentally feasible access to nonperturbative regimes of quantum electrodynamics (Bell and Kirk, 2008; Vincenti, 2019; Magnusson et al., 2019). The results section interprets reported findings as emergent patterns within the literature, while the discussion situates these findings within broader debates on the limits of current models, experimental constraints, and the future trajectory toward exawatt-class facilities. By synthesizing advances in laser technology with developments in strong-field theory, this article aims to provide a publication-ready, deeply analytical contribution to the understanding of how extreme light–matter interactions redefine both plasma physics and fundamental quantum theory.

This paper is devoted to the analysis of the Rao–Cramer inequality and the efficiency of statistical estimators. In the theoretical part, it is shown that the sample mean   obtained from a normal distribution is an unbiased and maximally efficient estimator of the parameter   In the applied part, the empirical variance is computed for different sample sizes using Monte Carlo simulation and compared with the Rao–Cramer lower bound. The obtained results are visualized through graphs and tables, providing numerical evidence that the sample mean is an efficient estimator.

The article explores the production and quality evaluation of halva made from sunflower seed kernels and sunflower seed meal. Various formulations were tested to determine the optimal composition based on organoleptic, nutritional, and physicochemical indicators. The results showed that halva prepared from sunflower seed kernels exhibited the best quality characteristics, including balanced sweetness, oiliness, and texture. In contrast, samples made with sunflower meal or a 50/50 mixture had a darker color and lower fat content, reducing their market appeal. The analysis of vitamin and mineral content revealed that sunflower kernel halva contained higher levels of calcium and zinc, enhancing its biological value. Overall, the optimal formulation contained 45 g of sunflower kernels, 25 g of sugar, 15 g of water, one egg, and 4 g of sesame seeds, providing a product with high nutritional and sensory quality.

The accelerating complexity of organizational operations, coupled with increasing regulatory, competitive, and technological pressures, has intensified scholarly and practical interest in hyperautomation as a comprehensive paradigm for enterprise transformation. Hyperautomation extends beyond traditional automation by integrating advanced digital technologies such as robotic process automation, process mining, artificial intelligence, and, more recently, generative artificial intelligence into cohesive, adaptive systems capable of continuous learning and optimization. Financial workflows, characterized by high transaction volumes, strict compliance requirements, and deep interdependencies across organizational units, represent a critical domain in which hyperautomation promises transformative value. This study develops a theoretically grounded and empirically informed analysis of hyperautomation in financial workflows, emphasizing the role of generative artificial intelligence and process mining as foundational enablers of intelligent orchestration and decision support. Drawing strictly on established scholarly literature, including contemporary research on artificial intelligence in decision-making, business process management, robotic process automation, organizational culture, and family enterprise governance, the article constructs an integrative conceptual framework that situates hyperautomation within broader organizational, technological, and human contexts. Particular attention is devoted to the socio-technical dynamics that shape adoption outcomes, including cultural embeddedness, trust in explainable artificial intelligence, human–machine collaboration, and ethical considerations surrounding data governance and privacy. Through an extensive descriptive and interpretive analysis, the study elucidates how generative artificial intelligence enhances hyperautomation by enabling semantic understanding, adaptive reasoning, and context-aware process optimization in financial domains. The findings suggest that hyperautomation should be understood not merely as a technological upgrade but as an evolving organizational capability that reshapes governance structures, professional roles, and strategic decision-making. The article contributes to academic discourse by bridging fragmented research streams and by articulating a comprehensive agenda for future research on intelligent automation in finance, with implications for both large enterprises and family-owned firms operating in increasingly digitalized environments.

The development of digital health crowdfunding has become a crucial alternative source of financing, and the research on it is still incomplete. The proposed study will utilize the PRISMA protocol and bibliometric methods, performance analysis, Bradford Law, and science mapping to 121 articles being indexed in Scopus (2010-2025). Findings present four journals at the heart of the research, such as Journal of Medical Internet Research, Social Science and Medicine, Journal of Medical Ethics, BMC Public Health, and Information Processing and Management, with an overall lack of disciplinary focus. The field is organized into thematic clusters, which are trust and transparency, equity and inclusion, technology integration, and platform governance. They also change the thematic direction greatly as those investigations that were aimed at descriptive explorations in the early 2014-2021 are replaced with the middle debates of the 2022-2023 era (which are still centered on legitimacy), and the newer concerns (2024-2025) are centered around equity, regulation, and new technologies (AI, blockchain, gamification, etc.). Given the apparent lack of theoretical cohesiveness despite the burgeoning development of the discipline, this paper provides the first systematic bibliometric synthesis of digital health crowdfunding and demands integrative, theoretically grounded frameworks of connections between donor behaviour, platform governance, and systemic inequities.

Background: Pulmonary artery stenosis (PAS) is one of the most common congenital heart defects in children and young adults. Echocardiography remains the leading non‑invasive method for assessing morphological and functional cardiac changes. However, age‑related echocardiographic parameters in PAS are insufficiently studied, which complicates diagnostic standardization.

Aim: To evaluate age‑related echocardiographic characteristics of the heart in patients with pulmonary artery stenosis aged 1–29 years.

Methods: A total of patients aged 1–29 years with PAS were examined. Echocardiography was performed using two‑dimensional, M‑mode, and Doppler techniques. Subjects were divided into five age groups: 1–4, 5–9, 10–14, 15–19, and 20–29 years. Parameters assessed included right atrial and ventricular dimensions, interventricular septal thickness, pulmonary artery diameter, and systolic/diastolic function.

Results: In early childhood (1–4 years), right atrial enlargement predominated, while right ventricular size remained within normal limits. At 5–9 years, atrial dilation persisted with initial wall thickening of the right ventricle. Adolescents (10–14 years) demonstrated ventricular enlargement and early hypertrophy. In young adults (15–29 years), progressive hypertrophy of the right ventricle and interventricular septum was observed, accompanied by pulmonary valve regurgitation. These findings confirm heterochronous and heterodynamic remodeling processes in PAS.

Conclusion: Age‑related echocardiographic changes in PAS vary from chamber dilation in childhood to hypertrophy and remodeling in adolescence and young adulthood. Recognition of these patterns is essential for accurate diagnosis, risk stratification, and individualized treatment planning.

This paper reviews an easily expandable plan for smart document handling across multiple cloud systems, aiming to make work easier to manage, more resilient to issues, and improve the total cost of ownership. The importance of this task stems from two factors: first, Intelligent Document Processing (IDP) tools are experiencing growth; second, multi-cloud use is expanding more widely. This increases the primary fight between wanting top-notch help for every step and the dangers of being stuck with one provider, having messy operations, and uneven safety rules. The study aims to create and support a complete design that can hide both setup and software links while offering complete control and standard protection in a mixed environment. The innovation is in the coherent four-layer model, which merges a general control plane atop Kubernetes and Crossplane with portable application runtime Dapr, exposing standard APIs for statelessness, messaging, and service invocation, decomposed IDP microservices, and an overlay layer for management and security. The key findings validate that only the combination of Crossplane at the level of the control plane with GitOps and OPA policies together with Dapr at the level of the application-API can provide real portability, elastic scaling, governed security, while maintaining freedom of choice between cloud services. It proves that workflows crossing provider boundaries can be orchestrated, thus reducing vendor lock-in. The article will be helpful to cloud-platform architects, IT executives, data and MLOps engineers, IDP product teams, and researchers in distributed systems and enterprise AI.