This paper explores the intersection of discourse and learning through a critical lens, emphasizing the significance of language in shaping educational practices and outcomes. Employing Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as the primary methodological framework, the study examines how language use in educational settings influences power dynamics, identity formation, and knowledge construction. Through an analysis of classroom interactions, educational policies, and curricular materials, the research reveals the ways in which discourse reflects and perpetuates societal norms and inequalities. The findings underscore the importance of critically examining language in education to foster more inclusive and equitable learning environments. By highlighting the role of discourse in shaping educational experiences, this paper advocates for the incorporation of CDA into educational research and practice to promote transformative pedagogy and empower learners.

In this article, the author analized the  importance of cultural heritage in preventing the conflict and reinforcing the unity of  the youth, studied the investigated  reasearch works and proposed the effective methods and their impacts based on the scientists’ investigations.

Background: Orphans in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Nigeria, face increasing challenges due to the HIV/AIDS epidemic, terrorism, and natural disasters, leading to a growing orphan population. In addition to the material hardships experienced by orphans, stigmatization remains a profound issue, exacerbating their medical, social, and psychological well-being. Stigma affects children’s self-esteem, mental health, social relationships, and access to opportunities, making it a critical area of concern for orphaned children in institutional care. This study investigates the impact of stigma on the well-being of children in orphanages in Kaduna, Nigeria, focusing on medical, social, and psychosocial aspects of their lives.

Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 100 children living in orphanages across Kaduna. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires designed to capture socio-demographic data, medical conditions, behavioural patterns, stigma levels, and psychosocial status. The study also explored how these children cope with the stigma associated with being orphans.

Results: The findings revealed a significant presence of stigma among the orphan population, with 9% of children reporting being stigmatized by peers. Although 83.3% of respondents indicated positive peer relationships, bullying affected 11.4% of the children. Medical issues were prevalent, with 53.7% of the children underweight and 46.7% not fully immunized. Behavioural disorders such as hyperactivity (27%) and enuresis (22.3%) were also common. Despite these challenges, 89.2% reported good self-esteem, although many employed maladaptive coping mechanisms, with 46.8% adjusting their goals to cope with their circumstances.

Conclusion: The study highlights the pervasive impact of stigma on the well-being of orphans in Kaduna, contributing to psychological distress and health challenges. Addressing the stigma and its effects requires comprehensive intervention strategies that integrate medical, psychosocial, and educational support.

Over the past decade, Nigeria has faced a complex set of challenges, with corruption, crude oil theft, and national security issues being at the forefront. These problems have created a vicious cycle, where each issue exacerbates the other, leading to significant economic, political, and social repercussions. This study employs a longitudinal research design to investigate the relationship between national security, crude oil theft, and political corruption in Nigeria from 2013 to 2023. Nigeria, a leading global oil producer, has long grappled with security challenges, particularly in the Niger Delta region, where crude oil theft, violent events, and corruption have been pervasive. Using secondary data sourced from repositories, the study examines trends in crude oil theft, violent fatalities, and political corruption. Data were cleaned and analysed using R. The analysis reveals fluctuating trends in crude oil theft and corruption over the decade, with periods of peak activity aligning with political and security instability. The highest levels of crude oil theft were recorded in 2013 and 2023, while the political corruption index saw a significant decline from 2015 onwards, suggesting the partial success of anti-corruption measures. The findings highlight a complex interplay between corruption and oil theft, with spikes in violence and fatalities corresponding to key years of political unrest. The study underscores the importance of targeted interventions to address the cyclical nature of corruption, theft, and insecurity in Nigeria’s oil sector.

Background:

The well-being of orphans has been a persistent issue, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where the orphan population has surged due to factors such as the HIV/AIDS pandemic, terrorism, and natural disasters. In Nigeria, these children face significant medical, social, and psychological challenges, including malnutrition, limited access to education, stigmatization, and behavioural issues. Despite some interventions, many orphanages focus primarily on addressing material needs, often neglecting comprehensive medical, social welfare, and psychosocial support. This study assesses the psychosocial well-being of orphans living in orphanages across Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted involving 100 orphans from selected orphanages in Kaduna. Data collection utilized interviewer-administered questionnaires, capturing information on socio-demographic details, medical conditions, behavioural patterns, stigma levels, psychosocial well-being, and coping mechanisms. The study also measured nutritional status and assessed access to healthcare and educational opportunities.

Results:

The average age of participants was 10 years, with a male majority (68%). While 54.9% reported access to balanced diets, 53.7% were classified as underweight, emphasizing ongoing nutritional challenges. Medical issues were prominent, with 33.7% showing clinical signs of illness and 46.7% being incompletely immunized. Behavioural problems were evident, including hyperactivity disorders (27.0%) and major depressive disorder (1.8%). Furthermore, enuresis affected 22.3% of the respondents. Despite these difficulties, the majority (83.3%) reported positive peer relationships, though 11.4% experienced bullying and 9% faced stigmatization. Education access was relatively high, with only 2.2% not attending school, and 89.2% displayed good self-esteem. Social support was moderate, with 35.2% receiving substantial support and 46.8% adopting goal adjustment strategies for coping.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the complex psychosocial challenges faced by orphans in Kaduna, encompassing medical, social, and behavioural issues. While most orphans showed resilience through positive self-esteem and peer relationships, the prevalence of health problems, behavioural disorders, and suboptimal coping strategies underscores the necessity for integrated care. A holistic approach addressing medical, social welfare, and psychosocial needs is critical for improving the overall well-being of these vulnerable children.

ZENODO DOI:- https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14050421

This article deals with the actual challenges in teaching Russian literature and efficient and straightforward solutions to them, utilizing the non-literary factors. Even the results have been supported clearly.

Purpose and Objectives: Law, over time, has faced all the changes in society, both political, economic and social, but also technological, the latter being a decisive factor of our days. It has permanently adapted itself through legislative changes at all levels, so that the very development of society is not hampered.

 Proposals and Methodology: At present, decisive changes are taking place, due to the involvement of artificial intelligence, but also due to the fact that we are in the midst of a digital era, constantly promoted by the development of technology.

 Results and Implications: The main issue that arises is the fact that it has not yet been established whether the legal norms, both national and international, can easily adapt to digitalization, so whether AI can use the norms as such in obtaining similar results to the judgments handed down by the courts.

ZENODO DOI:- https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14061630

The extraordinary magnitude of population displacement, stemming from conflict, persecution, and natural disasters, has exerted significant strain on international organizations, governments, and civil society. Humanitarian interventions, involving various actions undertaken by these entities, are essential in supplying refugees with vital resources, protective measures, and possibilities to endure and reconstruct their lives. This study thoroughly evaluates the influence of humanitarian interventions on refugee welfare, investigating their roles and impacts, addressing their challenges and triumphs, and offering policy recommendations to enhance refugee welfare through more effective humanitarian initiatives. The research design is qualitative, employing secondary data sources including scholarly publications, policy documents, and reports from international organizations and NGOs. Data and visualizations from Our World in Data were utilized to examine trends and patterns in refugee welfare, encompassing access to fundamental requirements, protection, healthcare, education, livelihoods, and psychosocial assistance. The results underscore the substantial influence of humanitarian efforts on refugee well-being, as demonstrated by the examination of the Syrian and Rohingya refugee crises. The graphical representation depicts the significant spike in asylum applicants resulting from these crises and the extent of dislocation experienced by impacted populations. The study highlights the necessity of ongoing and extensive humanitarian aid to meet the varied requirements of refugees, encompassing shelter, nutrition, healthcare, psychosocial support, and protection. The study indicates that humanitarian interventions are essential for improving refugee welfare; nonetheless, hurdles remain, including resource limitations, coordination difficulties, and the necessity to transition from short-term relief to long-term development. Recommendations encompass enhancing global alliances, ensuring equitable burden-sharing, integrating long-term development goals, refining legislative frameworks, prioritizing vulnerable populations, and investigating novel finance options.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have increasingly become integral to the transformation of higher education, offering significant benefits while also presenting challenges. This study examines the dual role of ICT in reshaping higher education by focusing on both its advantages and the barriers to its effective implementation. The research highlights the ways in which ICT enhances learning experiences through increased access to educational resources, online learning platforms, and personalized learning opportunities. It also explores the potential of ICT to foster collaboration and innovation within academic institutions. However, the study also addresses the barriers associated with ICT integration, such as infrastructure limitations, digital literacy gaps, and the unequal access to technology among students. Through a comprehensive analysis of these factors, the research aims to provide a balanced perspective on the impact of ICT on teaching and learning in higher education, while suggesting strategies for overcoming the challenges to fully harness its potential.

BACKGROUND The integration of assistive technologies in educational settings offers a promising avenue to enhance the learning experience for students with disabilities. These technologies, including voice recognition software, screen readers, and customizable learning management systems (LMS), have the potential to promote autonomy and engagement by accommodating diverse learning needs. This research will evaluate the effectiveness of these assistive technologies in supporting independent learning among these students. RESEARCH AIM The research aims to assess the usage and accessibility of assistive technologies in GBS, quantify their impact on students with disabilities, and identify the most effective technologies for enhancing learning outcomes. METHODS The study will involve surveys and performance metrics analysis among students with disabilities across various campuses of GBS. Statistical methods, including regression analysis and t-tests, will be employed to analyse the data. RESULTS Expected findings include detailed insights into assistive technology usage patterns and quantitative evidence of their impact on independent learning and academic performance. Recommendations for effective assistive technologies will be provided. CONCLUSION This research is expected to offer empirical evidence on the role of assistive technologies in supporting independent learning for students with disabilities, guiding educational institutions towards creating more inclusive environments.