CLASSROOM VISITATIONS BY INSTRUCTIONAL SUPERVISORS AND TEACHERS’ EFFECTIVENESS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMPETENCY BASED APPROACH IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN THE SOUTH WEST REGION OF CAMEROON
Mokini Sophie Maclin , Department of Curriculum Studies and Teaching, Faculty of Education of the University of Buea Cameroon Professor Endeley Margaret Nalova , Department of Curriculum Studies and Teaching, Faculty of Education of the University of Buea Cameroon Dr. Agnes Lyonga (AP) , Department of Educational Foundations and Administration, Faculty of Education of the University of Buea CameroonAbstract
This study was designed to examine classroom visitations by instructional supervisors and teachers’ effectiveness in the implementation of the competency-based approach in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study was guided by one objective and one general research hypotheses. The mixed method approach particularly the concurrent triangulation design was used for the study. The population of the study comprise of the teachers and supervisors (principals in the South West Region of Cameroon. The target population of this study was made up of secondary school teachers and supervisors (principals or supervisors) selected from the three Divisions of the South West Region of Cameroon. The accessible population of this study will be made teachers and supervisors (principals) from; Fako, Meme, and Manyu Divisions of the South West Region. The sample size of the study will be 305 questionnaires administered to teachers and 12 interviewed guides given to supervisors (principals) from the 12 schools in the three Divisions of the South West Region of Cameroon. The instruments use for data collection were a questionnaire (closed ended questions) for teachers and an interview guide for principals. Data from the close ended questions was analysed using SPSS 23.0, with the aid of descriptive and inferential statistical tools while the interview was analysed thematically. The hypotheses of the study were tested using a non-parametric test (Spearman’s Rho test) presented at 95% level of confidence interval with alpha set at 0.05 levels accepting 5% margin of error. Findings reviled that descriptively, majority of the teachers (69.7%) strongly agreed and agreed that classroom visitation by their principals influence their effectiveness in the implementation of the CBA in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon meanwhile (30.3%) of the teachers said classroom visitation by their principals do not influence their effective implementation of the CBA in secondary schools. Based on principal’s principals’ response if they visit classes to observe teachers all of them categorically said “YES” they visit classes to observe teachers during the teaching learning process. Also most of them indicating that they visit the classroom to observe teachers at list three times a year. Others said they visit the classroom to observe teachers mostly at the beginning of each term. While some of the principals printed out that they visit classes to observe teachers during the teaching learning process thrice a year. Lastly, the hypothetical statistics showed that there is a positive significant relationship between classroom visitations and teachers’ effectiveness in the implementation of the CBA in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon with (R-value =0.117*, p-value < .043 < 0.05). The positive sign of the correlation value implies that frequent classroom visitations by principals or pedagogic inspectors would contribute to teachers’ effectiveness in the implementation of the CBA in secondary schools. Thus, this confirmed that rejection of the null hypothesis. while, the alternative was accepted. Therefore, it is recommended that the relevant educational authorities and school administrators should evaluate the quality and impact of the current supervision practices, provide professional development for instructional supervisors and foster a collaborative supervision approach.
Keywords
Classroom Visitations, Instructional Supervisors, Teachers’ Effectiveness
References
Akpa, G. O. (1987). Instructional supervision: A handbook for supervisors and teachers. Afolabi Press.
Akum, J. N. (2017). Classroom observation and feedback practices of secondary school principals and their influence on teachers' instructional practice in the Buea Municipality, Cameroon (Doctoral dissertation). University of Buea, Cameroon.
Anderson, R., & Karjewski, R. (1993). Clinical supervion: Special methods for the supervision of teachers. Rinehart, and Winston.
Aubusson, P., Steele, F., Dinham, S., & Brady, L. (2007). Action learning in teacher learning community formation: Informative or transformative? Teacher Development, 11(2), 133-148.
Borich, G. D. (2008). Effective teaching methods: Research-based practice (7th ed.). Pearson.
Choy, D., et al. (2011). Beginning teachers’ perceptions of their level of pedagogical knowledge and skills: Did they change since their graduation from initial teacher preparation? Asian Pacific Educational Review, 12(1), 79-87
Danielson, C. (2013). The framework for teaching: Evaluation instrument. The Danielson Group.
Darling-Hammond, L., Wei, R. C., Andree, A., Richardson, N., & Orphanos, S. (2009). Professional learning in the learning profession: A status report on teacher development in the United States and abroad. National Staff Development Council.
Ebako, P. N. (2016). Principals' instructional supervision practices and teachers' job performance in secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(30), 69-75.
Fonkeng, E. G. & Tamajong, E.V., (2003). Secondary school administration and Principalship. Press Universitaires d’ Afrique.
Fullan, M. (2007). The new meaning of educational change (4th ed.). Teachers College Press.
Gebhard, J. G., & Oprandy, R. (1999). Language teaching awareness: A guide to exploring beliefs and practices. Cambridge University Press.
Glickman, C. D., Gordon, S. P., & Ross-Gordon, J. M. (2018). Supervision and instructional leadership: A developmental approach (10th ed.). Pearson.
Harrison, C., & Killion, J. (2007). Ten roles for teacher leaders. Educational Leadership, 65(1), 74-77.
Hoffman, M. L., & Tesfaw, T. A. (2012). Instructional supervision in Ethiopian secondary schools. Bahir Dar University.
Jonson, K. F. (2008). Being an effective mentor: How to help beginning teachers succeed (2nd ed.). Corwin Press.
Joyce, B., & Showers, B. (1982). The coaching of teaching. Educational leadership, 40, 4-10.
Landers, S. (1977). Essentials of school management. Saunders Company.
Lee Chi Shing, J. (2010). Instructional leadership in Hong Kong schools. School Leadership and Management, 30(4), 413-424.
Li, Z. (2009). Instructional supervision in Chinese primary schools: A cultural perspective. VDM Verlag.
MINSEC. (2014). Competency-based approach implementation in secondary schools. MINSEC.
Montgomery, D. J. (2002). Helping teachers develop through classroom observation. David Fulton Publishers.
Nwaogu, T.I. (1980). A guide to effective supervision of instruction in Nigeria schools. Fourth Dimension Publishing Company Ltd.
Ogunsaju, J. N. (2006). School management and supervision. Clean nut Press.
Okobia, E. O. (2015). Principals' instructional supervision and teachers' job performance in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(28), 23-30.
Olorunfemi, O. O. (2008). Instructional supervision in Nigerian secondary schools. Heinemann Educational Books.
Oyedeji, N. B. (2012). Maintenance of standards in Nigerian secondary schools: The role of principals and inspectors. University of Ado-Ekiti Press.
Parkway, F.W. (1992). Professional socialization: a longitudinal study of first-time high school principal”. Educational Quarterly, 2, 43-75.
Peretomode, V. F. (2001). Educational administration: Applied concepts and theoretical perspectives. Joja Educational Research and Publishers.
Republic of Cameroon (2005a) Draft Document of the Sector-Wide Approach to education
République du Cameroun. (2007). Loi d'orientation de l'éducation au Cameroun. Présidence de la République.
Richards, J., & Rodgers, T. (2001). Approaches and methods in language teaching. Cambridge University Press.
Scott, I.D. (2010). Learning together: opening Up Learning (23.04.09) www.hmie.gov.uk.
Sergiovanni, T. J., & Starratt, R. J. (2007). Supervision: A redefinition (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Sule, M. A., Eyiene, A., & Egbai, M. E. (2015). Instructional Supervisory Practices and Teachers’ Role Effectiveness in Public Secondary Schools in C South Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Journal Education and Practice, 6(23), 43–47.
Tyagi, R. S. (2010). School-based instructional supervision and the effective professional development of teachers. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 40(1), 111-125.
Wallace, M. (2009). Making sense of the links: Professional development, teacher practices, and student achievement. Teachers College Record, 111(2), 573-596.
Wiysahnyuy, L. F. (2021). The Competency based Approach in Cameroon Public Secondary Schools: Modes of Appropriation and constrains. Journal of Social Sciences and Education, 8(192)-1003.
Zepeda, S. J. (2017). Instructional supervision: Applying tools and concepts (4th ed.). Routledge.
Article Statistics
Copyright License
Copyright (c) 2024 Mokini Sophie Maclin, Professor Endeley Margaret Nalova, Dr. Agnes Lyonga (AP)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain the copyright of their manuscripts, and all Open Access articles are disseminated under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY), which licenses unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is appropriately cited. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations.