The aim of the study. To study the clinical characteristic and quality of life of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Material and methods. We examined and examined a total of 80 patients with diabetic nephropathy on program hemodialysis for the period from January 1, 2018, to January 1, 2020.

Results. In this article, the authors analyze 80 cases of diabetic nephropathy that were on programmed hemodialysis. Of these, 32 women, 48 men. The results also confirm the literature that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have a low quality of life indicators before hemodialysis.

Conclusions. A questionnaire to determine the quality indicators - WHOQOL-BREF, MMSE, Hamilton depression scale are the most sensitive and informative to determine the quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease.

The article discusses the factors that effects to the health preschool children. The provided examples are taken on the circumstance of children activity in and out of school time in Uzbekistan.

The high recurrence rate of muscle noninvasive bladder cancer (BC) dictates the search for new methods of surgical treatment. The problem of bladder cancer (BC) treatment is very urgent in urology, because of high morbidity, difficulties in determining the optimal treatment tactics, necessity of long-term follow-up examinations, high recurrence rate and progression. Risk and progression criteria have been developed to identify groups of patients in need of closer follow-up, which can be quantified using risk calculators for recurrence and tumour progression. Although there are clear guidelines for the treatment of patients with bladder cancer, it is also believed that the rate of recurrence depends on the quality of the primary surgical procedure performed [1,2].

This study is based on the comparison between management versus PCI in patients with CAD. The prevalence of the major forms of cardiovascular disease (CVDs), mostly coronary artery disease (CAD), has changed dramatically in recent years. Cardiovascular disorders are now the one of the major cause of death and disability in the world.1 In 2015, 17.7 million individuals died from cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is around 31% of all deaths worldwide; 7.4 million pass away from coronary artery disease (CAD), and 6.7 million expired from stroke. 2 CAD is also the major cause of death, count for 13.2% of all deaths globally.3 It is responsible for one-quarter of all deaths in the United States of America (USA). About 75 percent of people with CAD in European countries are between the ages of 27 and 34.4 CAD was accountable for 16% of all man deaths and 10% of all female deaths in the England.5 Sudden death and CAD have a close connection. According to post-mortem reports and death certificates, 62-85 percent of patients who expired outside of the clinic have a past of CAD.6 As per informations from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2014, myocardial infraction affects 3.0% of the mature people in the USA (3.3 percent of males and 2.3 percent of females). An MI occurs every 40 seconds or so in the USA. In the USA, the mean age at 1st MI is 65.6 years for guys and 72.0 years for ladies.7   In this study the management and PCI are compared in patients with CVD.

Tonsillitis is a common and frequent disease in childhood, divided into acute tonsillitis and chronic tonsillitis. Acute tonsillitis is caused by pathogens invading the tonsils. Symptoms: fever, cough, sore throat, fever in severe cases, difficulty swallowing, and examination reveals the tonsils are hyperemic, swollen and festering. The tonsils have acute attacks more than 4 times a year, which can be diagnosed as chronic tonsillitis, mostly caused by pathogens in the fossa of the tonsils. On examination, hypertrophy, hyperemia or secretion of the tonsils and enlargement of the submandibular lymph nodes can be seen.

Chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis (stomatitis chronica aphtosa recidiva) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa of an infectious-allergic nature, characterized by periodic remissions and frequent exacerbations. Morphological elements on the oral mucosa are the so-called "ulcerative formations", that is, apht characterized by periodic remissions and partial exacerbations with a rash of aphtha. According to the latest publications of domestic and foreign authors, HRAS is usually considered as a polyetiological disease that plays a role in the formation and the nature of the course of the pathological process. The factor causing chronic aphthous stomatitis is staphylococcal infection, adenovirus, allergies, immune disorders, as well as diseases of organs and systems. First of all, it is a local effect aimed at reducing pain that makes it difficult to eat up to forced starvation, as well as at the speedy regeneration of the defect. Secondly, it is the regulation of the body's immunocompetent systems and a decrease in the level of bacterial allergies. In addition, the identification and treatment of background diseases with the involvement of specialists of different profiles (Lukinykh L.M., 2004; Savkina G.D., 2005; Drobotko JI.H., 2008).

In this article, the authors lead a case from practice. Given the clinical and hormonal characteristics, as well as specific changes according to MRI, the diagnosis of "congenital hypopituitarism" did not cause doubt. After the purpose of the chorionic gonadotropin of 1500 units 2 times a week for 2 months, there was a positive dynamics from the genital organs.

This report consolidates recommendations for preventing and controlling infectious diseases and managing personnel health and safety concerns related to infection control in dental settings.

Aim of the study: To study the effect of prescribing inhibitors of sodium glucose cotransporter type 2 (iSGLT-2) and inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (iDDP-4) on the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and methods: A prospective study included 80 patients with type 2 diabetes. The average age was 52.7 ± 3.78 years; diabetes experience - 8 years; BMI-30 ± 0.17; Hb1C-9.2 ± 0.4%; fasting glycemia –10.2 mmol/; eGFR-78 ml/min; TG-2.7 ± 0.44; total cholesterol-3.4 ± 0.72; MAU 32 ± 0.125. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 - 30 patients with DN with impaired renal function and 30 patients with diabetic nephropathy without renal dysfunction in the presence of metformin + iSGLT- 2; 2 group of 30 patients with impaired renal function and 30 patients with diabetic nephropathy without impaired renal function on the background of metformin + iDPP-4.

Results: The study of the effect of the inclusion of drugs iSGLT-2 (group 1) and iDPP-4 (group 2) showed a positive dynamics of carbohydrate metabolism indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes. So if the initial indicators in the groups were comparable in terms of glycemic control indicators, then by the 3rd month of treatment there was a significant decrease in HbA1c in the 1st group of patients in relation to the 2nd group. The result of the correction performed within 3 months was the achievement of the state of compensation in the 1st group in 36.7%, and in the 2nd group in 28.3%, 48.3% of the patients of the 1st group were brought into the state of sub compensation and 31.7 % of patients of the 2nd group.

Conclusion: On the combination of metformin and INGLT-2, a larger number of patients managed to achieve the set goals of therapy with a lower risk of overt hypoglycemia, then this combination should be considered not only more effective.

The number of patients with diabetes mellitus in the Andijan region who were registered according to endocrinologists from 2000 to 2015 increased almost fourfold from 26,000 to more than 110,000 in 2016 (14). This also shows that the number of patients with various purulent-necrotic complications of diabetes mellitus also increases proportionally, in addition, there is an increase in patients with severe purulent-septic complications of these processes, with widespread, deep purulent-necrotic fasciitis [3]. Of patients in the department of surgical infection of the ASMI clinic, patients with purulent-necrotic complications of diabetes mellitus account for almost 78%, which indicates a significant increase in the number of these patients. This tendency continues and goes up every year. According to the WHO, by 2030 every 15 people will have diabetes, and by 2050 this figure will be equal to every 6 people.

The article presents the results of distance study of patients with diabetes mellitus with the basic rules of specific rational nutrition. The innovation is individual work with each patient remotely, rejecting a routine “strict diet” and choosing a free but proper diet, taking into consideration not only the weight, age of the patient, type of diabetes, but also the nature, national habits, work and other criteria.

One of the key priorities of the reforms in the years of independence was the creation of a fundamentally new, modern education system .At the initiative and under the direct leadership of the First President Islam Karimov, documents of great importance were developed –the " Law on Education "and the" National Program for Training Personnel.

The mechanism of action of the alkaloid 1-(2´-bromine-4´,5´-dimethoxyphenyl) - 6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (F-18) on the functional activity of smooth muscle cells of the rat aorta was studied. Isometric contraction activity was recorded using a Grass FT – 03 (Grass Instrument, USA) mechanotron. The relaxant effect of the F-18 alkaloid was found to be associated with blockade of Ca^{2 +} (IP₃R) channels in the SR, along with voltage- dependent and receptor-operated Ca²⁺channels in the aorta smooth muscle cell plasmalemma.

Objective: to study the role of the rs1799883 polymorphism of the FABP2 gene in the pathogenesis of gallstone disease in combination with MS. Material and methods. Molecular genetic studies were carried out in the Department of Molecular Medicine and Cell Technologies of the RSNPMC Hematology.

The analysis of the associations of the rs1799883 polymorphisms of the FABP2 gene was carried out using a case-control model.

The main group consisted of 118 patients with cholelithiasis in combination with MS living in the Khorezm region.

Results: As a result of our research, we identified a significant association of the homozygous genotype for the Thr allele with the development of gallstone disease in combination with MS. The indicator of the ratio of the chances of developing gallstone disease in combination with MS in carriers of this genotype was OR = 2.9 at 95% CI: 1.122- 7.424. The relative risk of disease was RR = 2.5 with 95% CI: 1.11-5.76.

Conclusion: Our results allow us to conclude that the homozygous Thr/Thr genotype plays an important role in the formation of gallstone disease and obesity in people of Uzbek nationality.

In metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), bone is the second most common site of metastases, occurring in one third of patients. Most bone metastases are found in the sacrum, pelvis, spine and proximal limbs. In addition, the majority of bone metastases are osteolytic with elements of destruction; mixed metastases also occur. This predisposes patients to skeletal events such as pathological fracture, spinal cord compression, which implies the prescription of radiation therapy or bone surgery.

Cervical cancer is an urgent problem due to its high morbidity, its growth tendency in women of reproductive age, and late presentation. As a result of insufficiently effective surgical and/or radiation treatment of the primary tumor, local recurrences occur in 10-40% of treated patients, and distant metastases in 35% of patients [10]. The first place according to the frequency of distant metastasis in RCC patients is occupied by para-aortic lymph nodes (31.2%), the second - lungs (16.1%), the third - bones (12.9%) [9]. Treatment of recurrent and generalized cervical cancer is a complex and unresolved problem of modern oncology due to the extremely limited range of possible therapeutic measures. The leading role in conservative therapy of cervical cancer relapses and metastases is played by highly toxic, but not specific cytostatics, which aggravates the condition of patients and the immunological failure of the organism [11].

In children, glomerulonephritis is a disease characterized by rapid progression and complication caused by an irreversible process of the renal glomeruli. Currently, methods of molecular diagnostics have begun to actively develop, which not only complement traditional research methods, but also provide insight from the point of view of molecular pathophysiology. It is expected that a key role in the diagnosis of kidney disease is played by the identification of genes and their changes in the course of the disease, which predict the course of the disease. Changes in chromosomal polymorphic genes of matrix metalloproteinase and its tissue inhibitors, as well as how this change manifests itself in chronic glomerulonephritis, were determined in the prognosis of the disease.

The aim is to study the review of the literature review on autoimmune thyroiditis and violations of the reproductive function in women of fertile age

Methods. In total, 100 cases of Ait in women of fertile age with various disorders of the menstrual function (MF) and the reproductive system (PC) were studied. The average age of women was ranging from 18 to 45 years (31.5 ± 0.4).

All 100 patients were performed by a study spectrum, including the study of endocrine status (anthropometric - height, weight, waist volume, thighs, body weight index), general crystal, biochemical, hormonal (TSH, LG, FSH, prolactin, estradiol, progesterone, free thyroxine, antibodies to TPO and other - in the laboratory of radioimmune hormonal studies of the RSNPMC Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health of Ruz. In addition, they performed an ultrasound study of the brief and genital organs, an ECG, as well as a study of the quality of life on the questionnaire of The World Health Organization Quality Of Life (WHOQOL -Qol).

Research results. Depending on the body mass index (BMI), the patients were distributed into 2 groups: 1 group - patients with ait with soblinic hypothyroidism -48 (48.0%) patients, 2 groups - patients with AIT with manifestic hypothyroidism - 52 (52.0%) patients.

 In the structure of violations of MC in women, the 1st groups were allowed -24.6%, secondary amenorrhea -12.5%. These patients had a history of miscarriage (12.5%), stillbirth (14.6%). Violations of reproductive function were not observed.

In the structure of violations of the MC in women, 2 groups were an olnognosorya -59.6%, the metrrahny frequency is 21.2%, secondary amenorrhea -19.2%. For this category of patients, a high frequency of violations of the reproductive system (53.9%) is characterized, of which: primary infertility was observed in 40.4% of cases, secondary infertility - 13.5% of cases. These patients had a history of miscarriage (32.8%), stillbirth (39.8%), butorous prevention of the fetus (22.7%).

Conclusions. 1) The first stage in the treatment of menstrual disorders and infertility in women with ait should be the correction of excess body weight. 2) Most often, the violation of the MC and the reproductive function was observed in patients with ait and 1 degree of obesity than with ait and normal body weight.

52 patients with rickets and 10 healthy children were examined. Among patients with rickets, 35 children were born in women with a complicated course of pregnancy (threat of termination, toxicosis of the first and second half). In 12 children, mothers had chronic liver and kidney diseases before giving birth.

The level of 25(OH) vitamin D (25-oxycalciferol) and 24.25 (OH)2 vitamin D (24.25-dioxycalciferol) was determined. The content of calcium-regulating hormones in the blood serum was determined by radioimmunological analysis. To assess the severity of the rickets process, the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the blood serum was determined using a standard kit.

The aim of our study was to determine the effect of specific prevention on the metabolism and course of the clinical form of rickets in young children.

As it is clear that wounds of the maxillofacial area are much more different from other parts of the body. Due to the importance of its function and cosmetic value combined soft tissue lesions occupy a special position in human bones and tissues. In this article certain valuable information is shown about ozone’s physical, chemical compositions and its positive effect on the recovery of the combined soft tissue wounds located in the facial region. To evaluate the effectiveness of ozone for the treatment of soft tissue wounds of maxillofacial injuries overall 60 patients investigated [1,2]. As a result of this, ozone tends to be much more effective than traditional ways of treatments.

Cardiovascular disease is a significant problem that humans have always faced, affecting thousands of people's lives and health and taking the lives of many people. Many medical institutions and researchers have regarded it as a significant problem in overcoming the cardiovascular disease.1 Much attention has been paid, so the prevention and treatment level in this area has also been rapidly improved. However, cardiovascular disease still cannot be prevented or treated fundamentally, and it is still a significant danger to human health. All people still hope for breakthrough results in cardiovascular disease.2 This article analyzes the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, and has obtained a series of practical and reliable conclusions.

Chamomile has been used in scientific and folk medicine since ancient times and is still widely used in medicine due to its high medicinal properties. The beneficial effects of the flavonoids, essential oils and other biochemicals contained in it prevent and fight many diseases in the body thanks to its positive effects.

The problem of treating inflammatory diseases of the anterior segment of the eye, in particular chronic allergic conjunctivitis, blepharoconjunctivitis , continues to be relevant. In addition to the pronounced subjective discomfort, cosmetic defect, these diseases pose a danger to the cornea. Our study was aimed at studying the effectiveness of Floxal antibacterial ophthalmic ointment - in the treatment of acute and chronic diseases of the eyelids and conjunctiva.

Purpose: to study the efficacy and tolerability of the domestic drug cromoviz in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.

The state of the organ of vision in 60 patients (120 eyes) with allergic conjunctivitis was studied. Depending on the therapy, the patients were divided into two groups of homogeneous clinical manifestations. At the same time, the patients of the main group (30 patients) were instilled with the drug Cromoviz (Uzbekistan), 2 drops 4 times a day for 4 weeks. Patients of the control group (30 patients) were instilled with Aycrol according to the same scheme.

The obtained research results showed that the use of the domestic drug cromoviz against the background of basic treatment is expressed in a decrease in subjective complaints of patients and a significant clinical effect in 95.9% of cases. The revealed economic efficiency of the drug action indicates the achievement of the maximum level of therapeutic result at an acceptable price for the patient and therapeutic-prophylactic institution. Cases of side effects and intolerance to the domestic drug cromoviz were not identified in our studies.

The future of our nation is directly linked to the confidence of our young people in the future, their professionalism, knowledge and qualifications. Creating a fundamentally new ideological and political situation in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Development Strategy has placed the creative activity of all representatives of young people and each individual at the center of the renewal of the Uzbek state. One of them is the level of national self-consciousness, national pride, patriotism, a sense of pride for their homeland and their people, which becomes the meaning, the way of life of citizens, and these qualities reach a fairly high level, including the formation of the internationalist maturity of the younger generation; second, the state manifests itself as a powerful body that determines the main directions of the domestic and foreign policy of society, a conscious managerial mechanism for the transition from a strong state to a just society that implements the requirements and desires of the nation.

The publication discusses the features of clinical and anamnestic data in adolescents with autonomic dystonia syndrome. Analysis of the health status of children and adolescents in the Youth Center of the city of Tashkent in dynamics for the period 2018-2020 testifies to the persistence of an increase in the incidence of adolescents in socially significant classes of diseases: nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine systems, accompanied by metabolic disorders, arterial hypertension. The growth rate of pathology increases in the adolescent period of ontogenesis. The psychological status of adolescents with ADS demonstrates a high frequency of disorders accompanied by high emotional instability, contributing to social and psychological maladjustment. ADS contributes to the formation of multiple organ pathology, the predominance of disharmonious and sharply disharmonious physical development, inconsistency of body mass index, impaired formation of reproductive health in adolescents with a high frequency of delayed sexual development.

In recent years, approaches have been used to treat diaphyseal fractures in children and adolescents, which make it possible to shorten immobilization and hospitalization time as soon as possible, as well as return to normal life as soon as possible. In a retrospective study, the conservative treatment of diaphyseal hip fractures was compared with the closed elastic method of rod fixation.  In the period from 2014 to 2019. In our clinic, 11 diaphyseal fractures of the femur and 16 tibia were treated. In all cases, elastic rod osteosynthesis was used. Conservative treatment gave more complications (difference in limb length and inaccurate reduction). In case of the closed fracture fixation with the help of flexible rods the consolidation and fast mobilization with small number of complications was achieved.

At the beginning of the third millennium, for mankind, which overcame the epidemic of life-threatening infections during its centuries-old history, the problem of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) came to the fore in relevance among all causes of morbidity and mortality. A significant role in this was played by lifestyle modification associated with limiting physical activity, increasing the calorie content of food, and a steady increase in emotional stress. All of this potentiates the main risk factors for CVD, which are a “negative asset of progress,” namely increased blood pressure (BP), dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity. Since 1988, after G. Reaven's Banting lecture, it is customary to designate the interconnected combination of these pathologies by the single term "metabolic syndrome X".

The study aimed to assess the functional state of the kidneys and to study the relationship of I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene with the stage of chronic kidney disease in children and adolescents of the Uzbek population with type 1 diabetes according to the new recommendations of K/DOQI (2012). We examined 120 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Clinical, biochemical and genetic studies have been carried out. The study revealed that children with diabetes in the stage of compensation (НbА1с ≤7.5%) have CKD stages II (28.6%) and III (4.8%). The use of the new classification K/DOQI (2012) reveals a decrease in kidney function at earlier stages, in 61.9% of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, even at the NAU stage, a GFR of 80.6 ± 7.5 ml/min/1.73m², which corresponds to stage II of CKD and 16.7% have a GFR of 45.1 ± 9.5 ml/min/1.73m², which corresponds to stage III of CKD. Also, 28.6% of children and adolescents at the MAU stage have CKD II, 75.0% of CKD stage III, respectively. ACE I/D polymorphism is a molecular genetic marker of susceptibility to the development of CKD type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents.

According to the World Health Organization, uterine tumours rank second in the structure of oncological morbidity in women. Epithelial tumours account for 95% of all genital tumours and only 5% are mesenchymal tumours. Malignant mesenchymal tumours include uterine sarcomas. Annually, 10 cases of uterine sarcomas are diagnosed in 1 million women worldwide. The problems of early diagnosis and screening of malignant uterine mesenchymal tumours (sarcomas) have not yet been solved. Due to the fact that this disease is rare and the treatment of uterine sarcomas remains a pressing problem.