The study and compilation of written sources are important when studying the problems of the sociopolitical, economic, spiritual and cultural life of our people in the past and enriching the research
power. Today, the study of sources in many collections of manuscripts is the centre of attention of
historians and researchers. The manuscript "Historical Culture" by Is’hakhon Junaidullohhoja oglu
Ibrat (1862-1937), reflecting the requirements of historical development, as important as the spiritual
heritage of the first 30s of the twentieth century [1]. The performance touches on the problems of
culture, analyses its future development and reflects the real situation in Turkestan in this area. During
this period, priority will be given to the most relevant issues of science, education and education,
education and new schools, schools for girls, higher education institutions and their benefits for the
country.

In the article, the landscape complexes of the Southern slope of the Caucasus react differently to
different impacts and recreational loads on the example of the Gabala region, which is the object of
study in terms of ecotourism development. In this regard, safe loads for one natural complex have
been found to be critical for others. Recreational use of forests has been found to be of great
importance for increasing the resource potential of society. Field research In light forests with
recreational grass cover, for example, in Bunut forests of Gabala region, oak-maple and oak-maplehornbeam formations are not resistant to recreational vegetation. and the upper part of the soil is
hard. As a result of trampling the seedlings, they perish. From this point of view, as a result of the
transfer of forests around springs to private individuals, the forest is degraded, seedlings are
trampled, the reaction force reaches a high level, anthropogenic pressure increases, and grass and
moss cover is destroyed. Therefore, there are no young seedlings in the forests of Bunut. Forest
grazing is more dangerous in this area. Thus, the existing seedlings are eaten by animals, trampled,
and the soil is hardened. The current situation mainly affects a large area in the area around the
basins of the Vendam, Damiraparan, Hamzali, Bum and Karachay rivers. Especially during the rainy
season, animals damage the soil surface and vegetation more, causing the destruction of grass and
moss layers, which is unacceptable.

Over the centuries, the Karakalpaks have created a type of decoration that looks amazingly
harmonious, perfectly suited to the design of the lawn, taking into account the living conditions,
climate and characteristics of the materials used. In working on the article, the works of ethnographers
and archaeologists were analyzed, which were used as the main sources. According to ethnographers
and art critics, the Karakalpak yurt has its own characteristics in terms of decoration and artistic
solution and silhouette. The article deals with the customs and traditions associated with the yurt. It
reveals the role and significance of the yurt in the life of the Karakalpak people, its educational
component.

The experts supposed the increase of the religious factor throughout the world in the beginning of
the 21st century. According to the various sources the roots of the religious extremism and terrorism
date back to the remote past. It is fact that the Kharijites, the religious and political sect which was
appeared in 657, have declared themselves as true Muslims while claimed that those who had not
agreed with them were apostates and struggled against them. But it is well worth emphasizing that
they have never threatened the social stability and progress as much as today. Because, in our days,
the religious extremism and terrorism has a global nature and it threatens all countries and regions of
the world equally. Especially, it is not secret that “The Arab Spring” conflicts which have occurred in
the Middle East countries were carried out in the guise of the religion by the powers and these powers
have used the extremist and terrorist group to reach their goals.
The study of the activities of “The Muslim Brotherhood” which was appeared in the city of Ismailia of
Egypt, 1928 allows us to understand the true essence of the religious extremism.
The suppositions given in the abstract allow us to conclude that, on the one side, the extremist ideas
in the guise of Islam which have developed for a long time were entirely used in the views of Hasan alBanna, Sayyid Qutb and their followers, on the other, “The Muslim Brotherhood” has developed and
systematized the organizing systems and methods of all sects and organizations before them in their
own practice. It is fact that the scientific and critical study of the activity methods and ideological bases
of this organization is important in the research of the true essence of the modern extremism.

This article describes the current structural changes in the regional economy and their impact on the
formation of a stable economic growth of the gross regional product, as well as the quality of
economic growth. Based on the results of the analysis, measures are proposed to achieve effective
structural transformations of the economies of the regions.

The article deals with the effect of a typical representative of sucking pests on the photosynthetic
apparatus of the plant - the mite, and the effectiveness of measuring photosynthetic activity using a
highly sensitive fluorescent method. Alternatively, photosynthetic apparatus activity was measured
using the fluorescent method, and it was used to assess the degree of pest infestation of the plant,
especially mites, and to determine the plant’s resistance after red light treatment. When damaged by
mites, the long-wave native forms of cotton chlorophyll are disrupted and the electron-transport
chain of the photosynthetic apparatus is blocked. As a result of QN treatment of seeds, the
distribution of algae in plants decreases, while the activity of photosynthetic apparatus, on the
contrary, increases. This means that phyto-chrome photo conversion has a specific effect on the
photosynthetic apparatus.

Continuous model of Lotka-Volter’s on simplex Sm-1 is studied in the article. There was determined a
relationship between tournament and the system of differential square equation, that describes
evolution of genetic systems in Lotka-Volter’s model.

The article considers and discusses the factors and opportunities for increasing the role of fruit and
vegetable exports in ensuring the stability of foreign trade in Uzbekistan

Based on the analysis of the Debye function, which relates the Debye temperature
 D
and the
measured temperature of the object T, it is shown that the Debye temperature of crystals decreases
with temperature decreasing from room temperature to absolute zero.
It is shown that the Debye temperature at temperature T = 0 K does not depend on the Debye
function, but depends only on the mass of the atom and the amplitude of the zero-point oscillations.
Based on the analysis of the thermal crystal lattice oscillations Debye theory basic assumptions and
experimental data accumulated for recent years, a formula is proposed that relates the Debye
temperature at moderate temperatures D and at absolute zero temperature (T = 0 K) 0. It is shown
that the calculated Debye temperature 0 at the absolute zero temperature according to the
proposed formula in the range from  2 to  13 % coincides with the experimental data taken from
literature for a number of substances of different classes

This paper analyzes the psycho physiological changes that occur when exam stress affects healthy
and mentally retarded schoolchildren aged 14-16 years. Psychological and cognitive indicators were
studied. The experiments were conducted in three stages: on a normal school day (control), before
the exam, and after the exam. The analysis of the obtained data showed that during the exam,
healthy schoolchildren experience psycho physiological changes, i.e. the level of stress indicators
(anxiety) increases and cognitive indicators weaken. After the exam, there was a tendency for these
indicators to return to the control level. In contrast to healthy children, mentally retarded
schoolchildren had a high level of anxiety index during the control examination, and their cognitive
indicators were 35% lower than normal. During the examination period, these indicators remained at
a relatively constant level. A comparative analysis of the data showed that depending on the level of
mental development of students, exam stress leads to stress in the psycho-emotional state of
students and this can have a serious impact on their health.

The article explains the importance of archival materials of the second half of the 19th and the
beginning of the 20th centuries as archival materials, in particular, issues of foundations kept in the
fifth store named as “Head department of Zarafshan region” of CSA RUz (Central State Archive of the
Republic of Uzbekistan) that are the main sources of the history of our country. The source value of
official correspondence, notices, information and records, selected from thousands of records, is
scientifically grounded in the study of the Zarafshan foundation property, status, income and activities
of the Russian administration

The article describes the role of economic diagnostics in ensuring the effectiveness of the higher
education institution and the importance of diagnostic principles in management. Scientific
conclusions and practical recommendations related to the economic evaluation of higher education
activities are given.

This article discusses the main political ties formed as a result of dynastic marriages in Kievan Rus. This
trend is of great importance in Russian history, as dynastic marriages were the basis of the political
structure of the Russian state during the Kievan Rus.

This article describes in detail the forecasts of the negative impact of the COVID-19 (coronavirus)
pandemic on the world economy and the economy of Uzbekistan. The negative impact of the
pandemic of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) on the world economy and the economy of Uzbekistan is
also directly reflected in the results of forecasts. Also, the results of the direct impact of the COVID19 pandemic on the world economy, in particular the economy of Uzbekistan, were analyzed, the
results of the economies of the countries were compared.

This state provides information about palomnic tourism, the development of tourism and the
development of new directions in the time of the coronavirus pandemic, the history of palomniches
in the Namangan region and the Fergana valley, in particular in the Kyrgyz Republic. Sovremennoe
sostoyanie otrasli, puti budushchego razvitiya uje razrabotanы.

Fund of manuscripts of the State Museum of Literature. Alisher Nava’i of the Academy of Sciences of
the Republic of Uzbekistan contains many ancient sources and lithographs. Today, a number of our
scientists are working on the creation of an electronic catalog of lithographs kept in the museum,
and preparation for publication. Most of the lithographs are works of Nava’i. The article scientifically
describes 8 lithographs of works by Alisher Nava’i, stored in the State Museum of Literature of the
Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. This article was written within the framework of
the grant “Creation and preparation for publication of an electronic catalog of lithographs stored in
the State Museum of Literature named after Alisher Nava’i”. The descriptions of the grant
participants M. Rashidova and O. Alimov were used.

The article reveals the content and essence of Geographical Ecology, and shortly the science of
Geoecology. It has been proven which system of sciences it stands for and what specific aspects of
research it consists of.