The present work was started with an intention to use biogenic Carbon Nanofiber (CNF) for slow release of fertilizer NPK. Prior to using CNF loaded with fertilizer, it was imperative to know the desired level of CNF to be used that is suitable for plant growth. Hence, the aim of current research is to investigate the impact of CNF on seed germination and seedling growth using Jowar (Sorghum bicolor) a monocot and Chick pea (Cicer arietenum) a dicot crop. The parameters, to observe the seedling growth in presence of different concentrations of CNF (0.5 to 15 ppm CNF in Soilrites); included percentage germination and seedling vigor, seedling growth (shoot and root length as well as number of leaves and lateral root), mitotic index, auxin level, and primary metabolites of the seedlings. Presence of CNF in soil was inhibitory to Jowar seeds , where as it promoted germination percentage of Chickpea. Once the seed germinated seedlings of both Jowar and Chickpea showed positive response in morphogenic growth, in Mitotic Index, Chlorophyll content as well as primary metabolites. Chickpea was found to be more synergistic to CNF than Jowar.

Trifolium repens L., commonly known as white clover, is a widespread and economically important leguminous species known for its ecological and agricultural significance. In Nepal, Trifolium repens exhibits considerable diversity in terms of morphological characteristics, adaptation to different ecological niches, and agronomic traits. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of varietal differences in Trifolium repens across Nepal. Through field surveys, morphological characterization, and molecular analyses, various varieties of Trifolium repens were identified and classified based on their distinct traits and genetic markers. The findings shed light on the diversity within Trifolium repens populations in Nepal, providing valuable insights for conservation, breeding, and sustainable utilization of this important forage species.

The article presents information on improvement of selection traits of lambs born from "inbred" breeding of F2 crossbred sheep using selection-genetic indicators. Studies show that selection of lambs born from inbreeding of F2 hybrid sheep based on positive correlation coefficients between selection traits is important for creating high-yielding breeding flocks in the future. At the same time, the regression coefficients of crossbred lambs in group II were higher than the regression coefficients of pure jaidari lambs in group I, and especially it was found that the regression coefficients of crossbred rams in group II achieved the highest result. According to the heredity of the sheep, it was found that the live weight of the sheep, the height of the withers, the oblique length of the body, the width of the chest, the depth of the chest, the circumference of the udder, and the circumference of the calf, that is, the coefficients of heredity are moderate.

This study explores a stimulative approach for optimizing the growth of soybean seeds, with a focus on enhancing germination and development. By employing various techniques and treatments to stimulate seed growth, including priming, hormone application, and environmental manipulation, this research aims to improve the overall performance and yield potential of soybean crops. Drawing on both empirical research and practical experimentation, the study investigates the effectiveness of different stimulatory methods in promoting germination efficiency, seedling vigor, and ultimately, crop productivity. The findings shed light on innovative strategies for maximizing the growth potential of soybean seeds, thereby contributing to the advancement of sustainable agriculture practices.