Agricultural productivity remains a critical determinant of economic stability, food security, and sustainable development in both developing and developed economies. The increasing demand for high-quality agricultural products, coupled with the need for efficient resource utilization, necessitates the integration of advanced biological engineering systems and optimization techniques. This study presents an analytical modeling framework that leverages biological engineering principles, machine learning-based classification, and non-destructive sensing technologies to enhance agricultural productivity. The research synthesizes existing methodologies such as image-based fruit grading, near-infrared spectroscopy, and automated sorting systems into a unified optimization model. Empirical insights derived from existing literature are integrated to demonstrate the effectiveness of system-level optimization in improving yield quality, reducing post-harvest losses, and enhancing export competitiveness. The proposed model also incorporates economic data trends to align productivity improvements with market demands. The findings suggest that a systems-based analytical approach significantly improves efficiency across agricultural value chains. However, implementation challenges such as technological accessibility, cost constraints, and data integration limitations remain critical considerations. The study contributes to the advancement of agricultural engineering by providing a scalable and adaptable framework for optimizing biological systems in agriculture.

The growth-stimulating potential of four salt-tolerant Bacillus strains (B. subtilis 7А, 9А, 10А and B. proteolyticus 33S) on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was studied in vitro. Seed inoculation with the strains significantly increased germination, shoot and root length, as well as fresh and dry weight compared to the control. The most pronounced growth-promoting effect was observed with the B. proteolyticus 33S strain, which increased shoot length by 4.9 cm, root length by 2.72 cm, fresh weight by 0.20 g, and dry weight by 0.03 g relative to the control. The obtained results allow us to recommend the studied strains for further research with the aim of their future use in microbial biopreparations aimed at stimulating plant growth and improving the properties of saline soils.