In this study, the inheritance of plant productivity, lint percentage, 1000-seed weight, and fiber length traits in naturally colored cotton samples, as well as their response to water deficit conditions, were investigated. Under optimal water supply conditions, the highest values of the main economically valuable traits were mainly observed in the white-fibered Sadaf variety, while the highest 1000-seed weight was recorded in the brown-fibered 011250 sample. In the F₁ hybrids obtained through diallel crossing, intermediate inheritance, positive and negative incomplete dominance, and in some cases overdominance were observed for most of the studied traits. Under simulated drought (water deficit) conditions, all parental forms and hybrid genotypes showed varying degrees of reduction in the studied traits. The obtained results are important for the selection of drought-tolerant and high-yielding cotton genotypes.

In the world, modern methods of genetics and breeding science are effectively used to create new cotton varieties and increase their sown areas. According to the United Nations, more than 1.5 billion people in the world face serious difficulties due to food shortages due to soil degradation in agricultural lands. The area of irrigated land in the republic is 4.3 million hectares, of which 44.7 percent are of varying salinity, including 31.0 percent are slightly saline, 11.9 percent are moderately saline, and 1.9 percent are highly saline. Therefore, the samples studied in this article are aimed at creating varieties that yield high and quality yields in saline soils by crossing collection samples brought from cotton origin centers with local varieties in moderately saline soil-climatic conditions of Karakalpakstan and creating initial material for selection based on the analysis of economically valuable traits of their offspring.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasingly associated not only with neuronal degeneration but also with platelet dysfunction, altered hemostasis, and calcium-dependent peripheral signaling abnormalities. Objective: To evaluate the effects of G-40 polyphenol on platelet aggregation, coagulation hemostasis, and intracellular calcium mobilization in a rat AD-like condition. Methods: Platelet-rich plasma and platelet suspensions obtained from control rats and rats with an AlCl3-induced AD-like condition were analyzed. Platelet aggregation was assessed by Born aggregometry after stimulation with ADP, adrenaline, and collagen. Coagulation was evaluated using thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT/QFTV), and prothrombin time (PT, TechPlastin). Intracellular calcium was monitored in Fluo-4 AM-loaded platelets after ADP stimulation, with EGTA used as a calcium-chelating control. G-40 was tested primarily at 50 uM, with concentration-response evaluation in the 10-100 uM range for calcium readouts. Results: The AD model displayed spontaneous platelet aggregation and enhanced agonist-induced aggregation relative to controls. G-40 partially inhibited ADP- and collagen-induced aggregation in both normal and AD conditions. The AD model shortened TT, APTT, and PT, indicating a procoagulant shift, whereas G-40 markedly prolonged all three parameters. G-40 also suppressed ADP-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization by 40-55%, with 50 uM showing the greatest effect. Conclusions: G-40 exerts a multi-target antiplatelet and anticoagulant action in the AD-like state. Its effects are most consistently explained by attenuation of Ca2+-dependent platelet activation together with interference at common coagulation pathway steps. These findings support G-40 as a promising candidate for correcting platelet hyperreactivity and hemostatic imbalance associated with AD.