This article provides a critical review of the development and effectiveness of cultural property laws in Nigeria, tracing their evolution from the pre-independence colonial era through the post-independence period. It examines the legislative frameworks established to protect Nigeria's rich cultural heritage, analyzing their strengths, weaknesses, and impact on the preservation, management, and repatriation of cultural assets. The study highlights the persistent challenges posed by illicit trafficking, colonial legacies, and the ongoing efforts to strengthen legal mechanisms and international cooperation. By scrutinizing key legislation and their implementation, this paper offers insights into Nigeria's enduring struggle to safeguard its invaluable cultural patrimony.