The article analyzes the personality of Shaybani Abdullah Khan, a great statesman who worked in the second half of the 16th century; the scientific-theoretical aspects of studying his history, historiography and source studies. Shaybanis, especially, the personality of Abdulla Khan, one of the largest representatives of the dynasty, his exclusion from research during the Soviet and independence periods, and ideological influences on his personality are discussed.

The rapid industrialization and urbanization in China have generated significant challenges in managing waste sustainably. This study employs CiteSpace, a bibliometric and visualization tool, to analyze the evolution and trends in Chinese waste management research from 2000 to 2023. By extracting and mapping key themes, influential publications, and emerging topics, the analysis reveals the most prominent research areas, collaborations between institutions, and leading scholars in the field. Key trends include a shift from traditional waste disposal methods to more innovative waste reduction, recycling, and resource recovery technologies. Moreover, the role of government policies and environmental regulations in shaping research priorities is highlighted. This study provides a comprehensive overview of waste management research in China, offering valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners to understand the future direction of this critical field.

This study aimed to demystify the obstacles faced by English language female teachers in applying gamification strategy to develop English skills of the middle school students in Al-Taif city. The descriptive analytical approach was used to describe and analyze the phenomenon. A sample of 278 English language female teachers was randomly selected from Al-Taif schools using the stratification sampling method.  Furthermore, a questionnaire, prepared by the researcher, was employed to get the necessary data from the sample members, after testing its reliability and validity. The results unveiled the multiplicity of obstacles faced by English language female teachers and limit the application of gamification. These challenges include the large number of teaching and administrative burdens, students´ overcrowding in the classrooms, weak readiness of the educational environment and its components when introducing gamification, and the high costs of designing and producing gamification into the curricula. Thus, this study urges the Education Ministry to adopt the principles of gamification in education, provide proper programs with suitable tools for that, develop teachers' abilities to employ gamification, and pay attention to the quality of programs and methods developing female teachers' skills. Moreover, it underscores the importance of providing schools with appropriate devices and tools that support the infra-structures for gamification. Significantly, the findings would provide all stakeholders with insights to understand the obstacles faced by English language teachers and the effects of gamification to overcome those obstacles.

The current research investigates the effect of using the Picture Word Inductive Model (PWIM) Strategy on Vocabulary Acquisition at the Primary Level. The research's null hypotheses have been formulated to be tested in light of the aim. The design of two equivalent groups, namely the experimental and control groups with pre and post-tests, has been adopted.

The research sample included 60 female pupils from two primary schools intentionally selected from the center of Nineveh Governorate. They were divided into two groups: the experimental group included 30 female pupils taught according to the PWIM strategy at Al Talai Primary School. The control group included (30) female pupils taught according to the Subscribed method at Al Shaqa'ik Primary School.

Both groups were equalized according to a set of variables: pupil's date of birth, pupil's general average of the preceding academic year, pupil's scores in English of the preceding academic year, and parents'. Moreover, the main requirements of this research were prepared, such as determining the teaching materials and preparing the teaching plans as well as; the researcher had prepared an instrument to collect the data based on the dependent variables of this research, namely the vocabulary Acquisition test of a passage followed by five questions. The result reveals a statistically significant difference (0.05) between the experimental and control groups in the Post-Test of Vocabulary Acquisition in favor of The Experimental group. Finally, recommendations and suggestions for further research are presented concerning the necessity of applying the (PWIM) in teaching the English language.

The research dealt with the definition and includes the research background, the research problem, the research hypotheses, the research objectives, the research importance, the research limits, the research methodology, the research terms, the related studies, the first chapter dealt with the graphic design structure, design and experimentation, design and nature, the diversity of design sources, design and order, design between chaos and order, the second chapter included the factors affecting graphic design, and factors related to the content and subject of the design, and factors related to techniques, tools and performance skills, and factors related to the design function, and factors associated with the culture of the audience and the environment surrounding the design, and the third chapter dealt with this chapter analyzing the works of the most influential graphic artists, the artist Martin Grohs, the artist Mark Joseph Paje, and the artist Cyril Rolando, the fourth chapter dealt with the results, recommendations and references.

This article discusses the historical, scientific-theoretical approaches to the problem of vocational training are highlighted in the scientific-theoretical views of Yusuf Hamadoni, Abdurakhman Jami, Firdavsi, Kaikovus, and Jaloliddin Davani.

The purpose of this study is to highlight the important aspects on the creation of a criminal justice section inside prisons, as well as the creation of minimum requirements for jail and detention settings and a uniform set of rights for all EU inmates. The Council of Europe believes that efforts should be taken to improve mutual trust and to more effectively implement the concept of mutual recognition in custody, as stated in the Stockholm Program, which calls for the Council to address detention and related concerns. Among the instruments of mutual recognition of terms of incarceration that may be affected we mention the European Arrest Warrant issued by the Council, the transfer of prisoners, the mutual recognition of alternative sanctions and judicial proceedings, and the European supervision order. Following the analysis and empirical research, the paper summarizes that without mutual trust in detention, the European Union's mutual recognition instruments affecting detention will not work properly, as one Member State is unwilling to recognize and implement a decision taken by the authorities of another Member State. Without greater efforts to improve detention conditions and promote alternatives to detention, it may be difficult to develop closer judicial cooperation between Member States.

zenodo DOI:- https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13918911

In this article you will learn about the stages of historical development of critical thinking. Also cited are the gold-equivalent words of many prominent scientists and poets about thought.

This article examines the important role of digital literacy in contemporary educational systems. It highlights the importance of equipping students with the skills to effectively navigate and utilize digital technologies, which are increasingly integral to both personal and professional spheres. The article discusses various components of digital literacy, such as critical thinking, online communication, and information evaluation. It also addresses the challenges educators face in integrating digital literacy into curricula, including the digital divide and the need for teacher training.  By underlining successful strategies and potential solutions for developing digital literacy presented by experts   around the world, the article calls for   necessity of digital literacy in education, aiming to prepare students for a rapidly evolving digital future.

This study uses a double Orlicz functions to provide some new triple sequence spaces. the researcher addresses to prove various algebraic and topological properties of these spaces, such as completeness, solidity, monotonicity, symmetry and convergence indepece. Moreover, This research analyze the relationships between these spaces.

The article also emphasizes that Jami comes with verbal prepositions, the scientist fully explains the form of verbal prepositions, places of their application, the meanings of prepositions that require one form or another.

 This scientific article analyzes the following issues: In the work "Al-Favoidu-z-Ziyoiyya" by Abdurahman Jami, known as "Sharhi Mullo", the main feature of the verb is that it belongs to one of the three tenses, expressing an independent meaning.

In particular, Abdurahman Jami's chapter on "verbs" includes past and present forms, imperative forms, transitive and intransitive verbs, passive pronouns, a number of meaningful verbs expressing suspicion and (reliable) knowledge (or thinking and calculation), auxiliary verbs, verbs actions expressing closeness, verbs expressing admiration, verbs of praise and insults. It is widely noted that the scholar does not limit himself to providing general information about these verbs, but clearly and accurately interprets the functions and meanings of each verb in this category, expresses their relationship and classifies them separately.

The article is devoted to the unique style of Abdurahman Jami, especially his desire for originality. For example, a scientist thinks deeply, clearly expressing the essence, structure, (etymology) of words, grammatical rules.

As a result of the study, the article emphasizes that no other complete works of classical Arabic linguistics have been found, which indicates the high scientific significance of the work "Al-Fawaidu-z-Ziyoyya". The results of the study will serve as a resource for those interested in classical Arabic.

Mammography is a critical tool in breast cancer screening and diagnosis, where the accuracy of image interpretation plays a vital role in detecting abnormalities. This study presents a novel approach to preprocessing mammography images aimed at enhancing diagnostic accuracy. Traditional preprocessing methods often fall short in addressing various challenges such as noise, contrast variations, and artifacts, which can impede the effectiveness of image analysis. Our proposed method incorporates advanced image enhancement techniques, including adaptive histogram equalization, noise reduction algorithms, and edge-preserving filters, to improve the overall quality of mammographic images.

We applied our preprocessing framework to a dataset of mammograms and conducted a comparative analysis against standard preprocessing techniques. Metrics such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and visual quality assessments were employed to evaluate the effectiveness of our method. The results indicate a significant improvement in image clarity and detail retention, facilitating better visualization of critical structures and potential lesions.

Furthermore, we implemented machine learning algorithms to assess the impact of our preprocessing method on diagnostic performance. The classification accuracy of trained models showed marked improvement when using our enhanced images compared to those processed by conventional techniques. This study underscores the potential of our novel preprocessing approach to improve the reliability of mammographic interpretations, thereby contributing to more effective breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Future work will focus on refining the method and exploring its applicability across diverse imaging modalities.