Expanded newborn screening (ENS) for inborn errors of metabolism represents a crucial advancement in modern neonatology and public health. While many developed countries have already integrated tandem mass spectrometry into national screening programs, several low- and middle-income countries, including Uzbekistan, are still at the initial stages of implementation [1,6]. This review summarizes the global experience with ENS, highlights the clinical and economic benefits of early detection, and discusses the current state and future perspectives for Uzbekistan [20-22]. Strengthening laboratory capacity, training medical professionals, and developing sustainable policies will be essential for establishing an effective ENS program in the country.

Objective: This study investigates the socioeconomic and behavioral determinants of Type II Diabetes outcomes using a health data analytics framework. Drawing from publicly available medical expenditure and demographic data, the research examines how variables such as age, education, income, employment status, and smoking behavior influence the prevalence and economic impact of the disease. Key findings highlight that older adults and individuals with lower educational attainment or who engage in smoking incur higher medical expenditures.

Methods: A Random Forest classifier was employed to predict patient gender based on socioeconomic and behavioral features, demonstrating moderate predictive accuracy and reinforcing the relevance of non-clinical data in chronic disease profiling.

Results: Statistical analysis further revealed significant correlations between social disadvantage and elevated diabetes-related costs. The study advocates for an integrated “health in all policies” approach, emphasizing the need for cross-sectoral interventions in education, employment, and community health promotion.

Conclusion: These findings contribute to the growing body of literature on the social determinants of health and underscore the value of data-driven strategies in addressing the Type II Diabetes epidemic. Future research should focus on longitudinal and intersectional analyses to enhance causal inference and inform targeted policy responses.

The article reviews the development and modern features of ultrasound techniques in the performance of peripheral regional blocks. As requirements steadily mount for effectiveness and safety in perioperative analgesia, this study finds relevance in efforts directed toward optimizing views of both neural structures and the needle, with lowered risks for complications to occur. The purpose is to enumerate the main physico-technical characteristics of ultrasound systems, together with improved transducer manipulation techniques, that play a role in increasing the level of accuracy and informativeness regarding peripheral blocks. The novelty of the research lies in the comprehensive comparison of linear and convex probes according to penetration depth and resolution criteria, the systematic analysis of basic transducer movements (slide, tilt, rotate, fan) and the optimal sequence of settings (depth, overall gain, TGC, dynamic range), as well as in the discussion of modern needle‑visibility enhancement technologies—from echogenic needles and beam‑steering to passive magnetic tracking and deep‑learning algorithms. Additionally, the integration of triple monitoring—ultrasound, nerve stimulator, and manometric pressure control—is proposed as a rational safety standard. The main conclusions demonstrate that selecting a probe based on nerve depth, sequentially optimizing image parameters, and employing additional technological solutions significantly enhance the nerve/fascial-plane contrast, improve needle-tip tracking, and reduce the incidence of intraneural and vascular injections. A multilevel control system ensures the timely detection of hazardous situations without prolonging procedure time, and the implementation of computer technologies opens prospects for further improvement of precision and operator training. This article will be useful to regional anesthesiologists, educators, and researchers engaged in the development and implementation of ultrasound methods in peripheral regional anesthesia.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common respiratory diseases, causing more than 30 million cases of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) and 3 million hospitalizations worldwide each year [1]. RSV is especially dangerous for people with weakened immune systems, chronic lung or heart diseases, and for people under 5 years of age or over 65 years of age. RSV is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection (eg, bronchiolitis) in children under 1 year of age [5]. The incidence of RSV hospitalization is highest among infants younger than 6 months (2 percent per year, 95% CI 0.1–4), and significantly higher in premature infants younger than 1 year (6 percent per year, 95% CI 4–11). In an international multicenter case-control study, RSV was the most common pathogen isolated from children aged 1 to 59 months hospitalized with severe pneumonia in Africa and Asia, accounting for 31 percent of cases [24].

Premature skin aging is a complex, multifactorial process that results in structural and functional alterations of the skin. It is characterized as an accelerated aging process triggered by both endogenous and exogenous factors. The primary pathogenetic mechanism underlying premature skin aging is the formation of oxidative stress induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which oxidize lipids, inactivate components of the extracellular matrix, and degrade collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid, as well as cause direct DNA damage. The purpose of this study is to systematically analyze scientific data on the effects of bioactive forms of vitamin C, hyaluronate, and their combination on the processes that contribute to premature skin aging. The findings confirm that the antioxidant properties of bioactive vitamin C, combined with the hydrophilic environment created by hyaluronate in the extracellular matrix, have a beneficial effect in preventing premature skin aging. However, the potential for their synergistic interaction requires further investigation.

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the prospects for applying non-injection carboxytherapy within integrated care programs for problematic skin, taking into account contemporary demands for efficacy, safety, and physiological compatibility of interventions. The study is grounded in an interdisciplinary framework combining clinical dermatology, cosmetology, skin physiology, and evidence-based medicine. Special attention is paid to secondary analysis of scientific literature describing the effects of transdermal and topical CO₂ application on vascular, pigmentary, and structural skin parameters in patients with acne, post-acne, striae, hyperpigmentation, and early cellulite. Both visual-instrumental and clinical outcomes are examined—including skin hydration, elasticity, microcirculation, lymphatic drainage, and patient satisfaction. Findings indicate that noninvasive CO₂ modalities—such as gel formulations, masks, and device-assisted transdermal delivery—produce significant clinical improvements, particularly in the periorbital area and regions with compromised turgor, while maintaining a high safety profile and requiring no recovery time. A comparative review with alternative approaches (PRP, fractional CO₂ laser, IPL) highlights the superior tolerability and multifunctional benefits of noninvasive carboxytherapy, especially for patients with sensitive or thin skin. Limitations of the current evidence base are also identified: variability in treatment protocols, short observation periods, and the lack of standardized efficacy scales. The necessity for methodological standardization and an increase in randomized controlled trials is substantiated. This article will be of value to specialists in aesthetic medicine, clinical dermatologists, skin physiology researchers, and developers of personalized, multitargeted skincare regimens.

This article presents a theoretical and analytical review of the mechanisms underlying the formation and maintenance of therapeutic interaction in the context of home-based palliative care, with a focus on the role of empathy, emotional intelligence, and the practitioner’s sensitivity to meaning. The study is based on an interdisciplinary approach that integrates clinical phenomenology, empathic diagnostics, and practices of humanistically oriented care. Special attention is given to the analysis of validated empathy and compassion scales as sensitive indicators of emotional distress and vulnerability — both on the part of the patient and the accompanying professional. Three key categories of risks characteristic of the home-based palliative context are identified: clinical, communicative, and emotional-semantic. For each, empathy-oriented support strategies are proposed, including compassionate observation, trust-based confirmation of understanding, and telemedical empathy. The importance of differentiating between cognitive and affective empathy is emphasized in the interpretation of therapeutic risks, the development of a stable therapeutic alliance, and the preservation of the patient’s subjective sense of safety. The central concept proposed is that of the therapeutic information field, understood as a dynamic structure responsive to the patient’s physical, emotional, and spiritual condition. Its significance is substantiated as a foundation for adaptive and ethically attuned support, capable of integrating narrative, existential, and clinical-social dimensions of care. The article will be of interest to professionals in palliative medicine, psychosomatic therapy, ethics of care, clinical psychology, and interdisciplinary support for vulnerable patient populations.

Introduction: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a common condition caused by median nerve compression, leading to pain, tingling, and functional impairment. Treatment options include manual physiotherapy and surgery, but the long-term effectiveness of conservative approaches remains under debate. To compare the effectiveness of manual physiotherapy and surgical treatment in managing CTS, focusing on pain relief, function, and quality of life. Methodology: This systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO ID: CRD420251084593) included randomized controlled trials and observational studies (2015–2025) comparing manual physiotherapy and surgery. Primary outcomes included pain (VAS/NPRS), function (BCTQ/DASH), and patient-reported improvement (GROC). Results: Three high-quality studies with 317 patients were analyzed. Manual physiotherapy showed greater improvements in pain and function at 1 and 3 months, while both treatments had similar outcomes at 6, 12 months, and 4 years. No serious adverse events were reported in either group. Discussion: Manual therapy is as effective as surgery in the long term and may offer faster short-term recovery with fewer risks and lower costs. It is recommended as a first-line treatment in mild to moderate cases. However, more diverse and blinded studies are needed to confirm these findings. Conclusion: Manual physiotherapy is a safe, effective, and non-invasive alternative to surgery for CTS, particularly in less severe cases.

Surgical site infections (SSIs) represent a significant burden on healthcare systems globally, contributing to increased patient morbidity, mortality, prolonged hospital stays, and substantial economic costs. Understanding the local bacteriological profile of aerobic isolates from SSIs and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns (antibiogram) is crucial for guiding empirical antibiotic therapy, implementing effective infection control measures, and combating the rising threat of antimicrobial resistance. This clinical study aimed to identify the predominant aerobic bacterial pathogens causing SSIs in a tertiary care hospital and to determine their susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics. The findings reveal a diverse spectrum of aerobic bacteria, with a notable prevalence of Gram-negative organisms exhibiting concerning levels of resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. These insights are vital for informing institutional antibiotic policies, enhancing surveillance strategies, and ultimately improving patient outcomes by facilitating targeted and effective treatment of SSIs.

Pediatric hearing loss remains an underestimated public health concern, despite its significant impact on children’s language development, academic performance, and emotional well-being. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 15% of children aged 6 to 19 experience some level of hearing loss, many of whom are diagnosed late—sometimes well after entering school [1]. Although newborn hearing screening programs are in place, a major gap persists in parental awareness, which remains a critical factor in the continuum of early detection and intervention. Clinical experience and research underscore that empowering parents through community-based education is not only effective, but essential to improving children's health trajectories [2][3].