Nigeria is rich in biodiversity, boasting of diverse ecosystems and numerous species. The country's ecosystems range from semi-arid savannas to montane forests, floodplains, rainforests, freshwater swamps, and coastal vegetation. However, Nigeria's rich biodiversity, essential for agriculture and food security, is under severe threat, impacting adversely on food security. This study investigates the impact of oil pollution, deforestation, and desert encroachment on biodiversity loss within Nigeria's agricultural ecosystems. This study employed a comprehensive review of existing literature on the assessment of biodiversity loss in Nigeria's agricultural ecosystems due to pollution from oil spill, deforestation and desert encroachment. By analyzing the correlation between these environmental stressors and food security challenges, this study highlight the critical need for integrated conservation and agricultural strategies. The findings indicate that the loss of biodiversity has far-reaching implications, including malnutrition, food price volatility, and the erosion of rural livelihoods. The study emphasizes the pressing necessity of tackling these challenges in order to guarantee sustainable food security and ecological equilibrium in Nigeria. To address these interconnected issues, the study recommends a holistic approach that prioritizes sustainable practices, robust policies, and community engagement. By safeguarding Nigeria's biodiversity, we can ensure a sustainable food future for generations to come.

In clinical practice, combined cardiac and liver dysfunction coexist in the context of heart and liver disease due to complex cardiohepatic interactions. In recent years, the need to identify the interaction between the heart and liver in order to provide effective treatment for patients with heart or liver disease to ensure an improvement in overall prognosis and therapy has become increasingly urgent.

"Promoting Gender Equality in Himachal Pradesh: Building a Sensitive Environment" explores the efforts and strategies necessary to foster a gender-sensitive culture in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. This study investigates the current gender dynamics within the region and identifies both the challenges and opportunities for advancing gender equality. By examining existing policies, community practices, and social attitudes, the research provides a comprehensive overview of the factors influencing gender sensitivity in the state.

The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data to gain a holistic understanding of the gender landscape in Himachal Pradesh. Qualitative data is collected through interviews and focus groups with stakeholders including policymakers, community leaders, and residents, to explore their perceptions and experiences regarding gender issues. Quantitative data is gathered through surveys to assess the prevalence of gender-based disparities and the effectiveness of existing gender equality initiatives.

The findings reveal that while there have been notable advancements in promoting gender equality, significant challenges remain. These include deeply rooted traditional attitudes, limited awareness of gender issues, and insufficient implementation of gender-sensitive policies. However, the study also identifies several successful interventions and strategies that have contributed to positive change, such as community awareness programs, targeted policy reforms, and grassroots initiatives.

The research emphasizes the importance of a multi-faceted approach to building a gender-sensitive environment, including strengthening policy frameworks, enhancing educational and awareness programs, and fostering community engagement. By highlighting successful practices and offering recommendations for improvement, the study aims to provide valuable insights for policymakers, activists, and community leaders working towards greater gender equality in Himachal Pradesh. In conclusion, this study underscores the need for continued efforts and collaboration to create a more inclusive and equitable environment. By addressing the challenges and leveraging successful strategies, Himachal Pradesh can advance towards a more gender-sensitive society that promotes equality and empowerment for all its residents.

Background: One of the reasons for the high prevalence and mortality in COPD is considered to be untimely unrecognized and unresolved causes of the development of COPD. At the same time, early detection of COPD and treatment started as early as possible slow down the progression of the disease.

Material and methods: 80 patients with COPD were under observation, among whom there were 51 (63.7%) men and 29 (36.3%) women. The average age of the patients was 47±1.5 years. A general blood test was performed according to standard methods.  Grade 1 COPD severity was diagnosed in 25 patients, grade II – in 28 and grade III – in 27 patients.

Results: Serum cytokines and chemokines can disrupt the main stages of hematopoiesis; possible mechanisms of anemia in COPD are shortening of erythrocyte apoptosis, impaired mobilization and utilization of iron, and impaired bone marrow response to erythropoietin.When studying ferrokinetics indicators in COPD patients with various degrees of severity, it was noted that as the patients’ condition worsens, the hematological status changes with a shift towards anemia.

Conclusion: According to its genesis, anemia in patients with COPD belongs to the so-called, anemia of chronic diseases and can be considered a definite risk factor for the progression of COPD.

The increase in the number of methods for diagnosing COPD and their constant improvement, the need to establish an accurate diagnosis in the early stages raises the question of the urgent need for researchers to use a minimal but sufficient set of studies. The use of each subsequent method should ensure the obtaining of data that could not be established using the previous one. When comparing different methods, one should find out their limits and capabilities, advantages and disadvantages, the possibility of replacing them with less invasive ones, as well as the reliability and value of the information obtained.

"Clinical and Pathological Insights into Subungual Solitary Glomus Tumor" provides a detailed examination of a rare but significant condition affecting the nail bed. The study explores the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and pathological characteristics of subungual solitary glomus tumors, aiming to enhance understanding and improve management strategies for this condition.

Subungual solitary glomus tumors are benign, often painful growths that typically present beneath the nail, characterized by localized pain exacerbated by cold temperatures and pressure. This study reviews a series of clinical cases to highlight common symptoms, diagnostic pathways, and treatment outcomes. The research employs a combination of patient history, physical examination, imaging studies, and histopathological analysis to comprehensively evaluate the tumors.

Pathologically, glomus tumors are characterized by their origin from glomus bodies, which are specialized vascular structures involved in thermoregulation. The study provides insights into the histological features of these tumors, including their vascular nature, and discusses the implications of these features for diagnosis and treatment. The results indicate that accurate diagnosis often requires a high index of suspicion, as symptoms may overlap with other nail bed conditions. Imaging techniques, such as MRI and ultrasound, play a crucial role in identifying the tumor's location and extent, while biopsy confirms the diagnosis. Surgical excision remains the primary treatment, with most patients experiencing significant relief of symptoms and low recurrence rates.

Bronchial asthma (BA) is a serious medical problem. The prevalence of asthma is increasing in most countries. Deterioration of pulmonary function is as strong a predictor of cardiovascular mortality as major cardiovascular risk factors. In this review, we tried to reflect the current current understanding of the adverse effects of asthma on cardiovascular remodeling.