Current trends in the use of osteoplastic substances in dental practice emphasise the importance of restoring bone structure after inflammatory processes, trauma and surgical interventions associated with tooth extraction, which often results in a lack of bone tissue. Natural regeneration rarely provides sufficient new bone volume, which complicates the implantation process.

At present, when planning complex treatment of patients with¬malignant tumors, an increasing role is given to chemotherapy. More than 50 antitumor chemotherapy drugs are used in clinical practice¬. This is due to the fact that neoplasms¬of different localization have different sensitivity to drugs. It was also found that they differ in their sensitivity to antitumor cytostatic agents in the same localization, prevalence, and histological structure¬. If the primary tumor focus in the head and neck area and metastases to regional lymph nodes, depending on the stage, can often be eliminated by radiation, surgical or combined treatment, then stable and long-term remission¬is ensured by the use of adjuvant chemotherapy.

This study focuses on the development and assessment of a novel fast-dissolving drug formulation aimed at improving drug delivery efficiency and patient compliance. The formulation was designed to dissolve rapidly in the oral cavity, facilitating quick absorption and onset of action. Through a systematic approach, the formulation's composition, including excipients and active pharmaceutical ingredients, was optimized to achieve rapid dissolution while maintaining stability and bioavailability. Various techniques, such as direct compression, freeze-drying, and spray drying, were explored to produce the fast-dissolving drug formulation. Evaluation of the formulation involved assessments of dissolution kinetics, drug release profile, physical characteristics, and pharmacokinetic parameters. The results demonstrate the potential of the fast-dissolving drug formulation to offer enhanced drug delivery and improved patient experience, making it a promising option for pharmaceutical development.

Portal hypertension and bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus and stomach due to portal hypertension are the most dangerous and threatening complications of liver cirrhosis (6,7). The mortality rate from ongoing bleeding is about 4-8% (6,8,11). 20% of patients with acute bleeding die within 6 weeks compared with other complications (6,8,11). Mortality from rebleeding in patients with decompensated stages of liver cirrhosis reaches up to 78% (7).

Currently, there are a number of different methods for the treatment of portal hypertension complicated by bleeding from varices of the esophagus and stomach (VES), including both endovascular interventions and endoscopic treatment. Many surgical methods have been developed to reduce pressure in the portal vein and prevent re-bleeding. But these operations have their limitations. Minimally invasive methods for bleeding from VES include endoscopic sclerotherapy, endoscopic ligation, endovascular transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, endovascular percutaneous transhepatic embolization of gastroesophageal varices and other combined methods.

Surgical practice has proven that treatment results and patient survival are much better with delayed and especially with planned surgical interventions. At the same time, in the last decade, preference has been given to indirect portocaval anastomoses, and recently many adherents of the Sugiura operation have appeared (3,10,13).

Thanks to the joint efforts of gastroenterologists, radiologists and surgeons in the treatment of bleeding from the esophagus with portal hypertension, gastrointestinal endoscopy and invasive diagnostic and therapeutic radiographic methods have acquired significant importance. Transendoscopic sclerotherapy of VRV has become particularly widespread. Recurrence of hemorrhages is possible in approximately 10% of cases, which is not much higher than the best results of surgical treatment (1,6,11), and complications (mediastenitis, pyothorax, bleeding, stenosis) develop in only 2% of patients (3).

The article presents the results of assessing the state of kidney function in patients with arterial hypertension. The study used a method for calculating the glomerular filtration rate according to the expanded formula for determining creatinine in the blood.

This paper explores the legal obligations and medical prerequisites surrounding exercise in gym environments. With the rising concern over liability issues, both gym owners and individuals engaging in fitness activities must navigate a complex landscape. We delve into the legal frameworks governing civil liability, examining how they intersect with the release of medical certificates. Additionally, we assess the significance of medical clearances in ensuring safe and effective participation in gym activities. By addressing these key aspects, this study aims to provide insights for stakeholders to promote a culture of fitness that prioritizes both legal compliance and individual well-being.