The study presents a systematized analysis of mechanisms of damage to the nail unit associated with modern cosmetic procedures — strengthening, modeling, smart pedicure, and artistic design. The aim of the research is to develop a scientifically verified model that makes it possible to determine the optimal frequency of procedures and risk-minimization protocols based on the integration of data from dermatology, toxicology, and biomechanics. The methodology includes a systematic review of peer-reviewed publications. The results indicate that the leading determinant of iatrogenic complications is allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) induced by incompletely polymerized (meth)acrylate monomers, primarily 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), with the prevalence of sensitization reaching 56.6%. It has been established that a significant contribution is made by mechanical injuries arising from aggressive preparation of the nail plate and incorrect operation of hardware techniques, as well as toxicological risks due to the presence of heavy metals in pigments (for example, antimony). Based on data on the cyclicity of nail plate regeneration (complete renewal of fingernails — in 6 months), a quantitative model for periodizing procedures with mandatory recovery intervals is proposed, aimed at preventing cumulative damage. The formulated conclusions and proposed protocols have practical applicability for dermatologists, nail service specialists, occupational health experts, and regulatory authorities.

allergic contact dermatitis, (meth)acrylates, HEMA,, onychodystrophy, nail plate damage, smart pedicure, cosmetic toxicology, nail regeneration, salon safety, procedure frequency

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