This study investigates the economic factors influencing crop production in the forest and coastal savannah transition zones, focusing on fruits and vegetable crops. The transition between these distinct ecological zones presents unique challenges and opportunities for agriculture, with varying climate conditions, soil types, and resource availability affecting productivity. Using an econometric approach, we analyze factors such as land use patterns, input costs, climate variability, labor availability, and market access to understand their impact on crop yields and farmers’ profitability. Data from surveys conducted in both zones are used to model production functions and estimate the elasticity of crop outputs with respect to these economic factors. The results highlight key determinants of agricultural success in these zones, offering insights into how farmers can optimize production and adapt to changing environmental and economic conditions. The study provides valuable recommendations for policymakers to improve agricultural strategies, ensure sustainable crop production, and enhance food security in these transition areas.

Potato production in Ethiopia is vital for food security and the economy, but it is significantly affected by a variety of diseases that threaten both yield and quality. This review explores the major potato diseases affecting the country, including late blight (Phytophthora infestans), bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum), and various viral infections. Each of these diseases is discussed in terms of their epidemiology, symptoms, and impact on potato production. Furthermore, the review examines the current management practices, including cultural control methods, chemical treatments, resistant varieties, and integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. Challenges in disease management, such as limited access to quality seeds, inadequate farmer awareness, and climate change, are also highlighted. This review concludes by emphasizing the need for more research into disease-resistant potato varieties, better extension services for farmers, and the implementation of sustainable management practices to enhance potato production in Ethiopia.