Abscisic acid (ABA) is a crucial plant hormone involved in various physiological processes, including stress response and development. In carnation flowers (Dianthus caryophyllus), understanding the molecular pathways and gene regulation mechanisms governing ABA biosynthesis and action is essential for optimizing floral traits and resilience. This study explores the key biosynthetic pathways and the corresponding genes involved in ABA production in carnation flowers. Using a combination of transcriptomic analysis, gene expression profiling, and biochemical assays, we identify and characterize the major enzymes and regulatory genes associated with ABA biosynthesis, including 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenases (NCEDs) and abscisic aldehyde oxidases (AAOs). Additionally, we investigate the signaling pathways through which ABA mediates its effects on floral development and stress tolerance. Our findings provide new insights into the genetic and biochemical networks that regulate ABA metabolism and function in carnations, which could inform breeding strategies for improved flower quality and stress resistance.

Abscisic acid, Carnation flowers, Biosynthesis pathways

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