Bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax, is a soil-dwelling bacterium with significant implications for both public health and agricultural ecosystems. This study delves into the phylogenetic relationships and soil adaptation mechanisms of B. anthracis, providing a comprehensive understanding of its natural history and evolutionary trajectory. By analyzing genetic sequences from diverse global isolates, we elucidate the evolutionary pathways that have shaped the current phylogeny of B. anthracis. Additionally, we investigate the bacterium's ability to survive and thrive in various soil types, focusing on spore formation, persistence, and germination in response to environmental stimuli. Our findings reveal critical insights into the genetic diversity and adaptive strategies of B. anthracis, enhancing our understanding of its ecology and informing strategies for anthrax prevention and control. This research underscores the importance of integrating phylogenetic and ecological studies to unravel the complexities of pathogenic bacteria in their natural habitats.

In the article Duplet TT 22,5% em.c. the drug was used in the growth period of 0,5 l/ha against phomoza and needle cast diseases in pine. The biological effectiveness of the drug against diseases was 84,7% for phomoza, 83,8% for needle cast, and other information were given.

Roll moths (family Tortricidae) pose a significant threat to apple orchards, causing substantial damage to fruit and reducing yield quality. This study investigates effective control measures to manage roll moth infestations in apple orchards. We conducted field trials and laboratory experiments to evaluate various control strategies, including cultural practices, biological control agents, and chemical treatments. Our results indicate that integrated pest management (IPM) strategies combining multiple control methods offer the most effective solution. Key findings include the efficacy of regular orchard sanitation practices, such as removing infested fruit and debris, in reducing roll moth populations. The introduction of natural predators, such as parasitic wasps and predatory beetles, significantly decreased roll moth larval numbers. Additionally, targeted application of pheromone traps and selective insecticides proved effective in monitoring and controlling adult moths. The study also highlights the importance of timing in implementing control measures, with early intervention and consistent monitoring being crucial for managing infestations. The combined approach of cultural, biological, and chemical methods not only reduces roll moth populations but also minimizes environmental impact and enhances the sustainability of apple orchard management.

The article presents the results of experiments conducted to study the efficacy of the Helitec biopreparation (Helicoverpa armigera NPV – 8%, 5x10^12 polyhedra per liter) against the larvae of the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera). The findings provide insights into the proper selection of biological preparations to combat the pest and identify effective control methods for use in tomato cultivation.