This study examines how robust traceability can be established across honey and apiculture product supply chains within the Russian Federation. The methodological core rests on the analysis of contemporary data architectures that integrate blockchain (BC), the Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence (AI) as a toolset for lifecycle event capture, automated collection of primary data, and intelligent validation of record credibility. A comparative review of the regulatory regimes of the Russian Federation, the European Union, and the United States is conducted in order to identify divergences in batch identification requirements, record granularity, control mechanisms, and the allocation of responsibility among chain participants. Particular attention is given to institutional and technological constraints affecting the roll-out of digital labeling within the segment of household subsistence farms (LPH), which accounts for a substantial share of domestic production while simultaneously exhibiting limited capacity for digitalization, heterogeneous bookkeeping practices, and elevated transaction costs associated with migration to standardized registration procedures. A five-level industry maturity model is proposed to systematize the transition trajectory from fragmented accounting and dispersed control channels toward transparent, risk-oriented supply chains that ensure data reproducibility and strengthened product safety. The functional role of state information systems—FGIS “Mercury” and GIS MT “Chestny ZNAK”—is analyzed in relation to the formation of an integrated quality-control environment, the synchronization of data on origin, movement, and product status, and the enhancement of market observability for regulatory and supervisory purposes. The material targets specialists in agro-logistics, public regulators, and participants in the apiculture market.

traceability, blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT), supply chains, honey adulteration, Russian Federation, GIS MT, Chestny ZNAK, FGIS, Mercury, maturity model, food security

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