The COVID-19 pandemic has changed many aspects of life, and language learning is no exception. Lockdowns and restrictions led to digital tools such as online platforms, virtual classrooms, video conferencing, and interactive games becoming essential for language teaching. It was a difficult period for teachers and learners, however, who had to adapt overnight to a digital landscape unknown to most of them. The challenges of this period have also created the opportunity for education systems to adjust to new digital settings. This paper discusses the benefits and challenges associated with the use of digital tools in language teaching after the COVID-19 lockdowns, and especially what the teachers learned and tried to transfer after returning to a face-to-face instructional modality. The data were collected through an e-questionnaire. We sought to understand how teachers adjusted their practice, what steps they took to address knowledge gaps regarding possible digital resources, and how they transferred that knowledge to in-person classes. Teachers experienced many difficulties and doubts about resources, methods, and learning outcomes, particularly about students’ learning of foreign language communication skills. We also noticed that only half of them tried to continue using digital tools in their teaching practice after the lockdowns ended.

This research examines the role of participatory territorial approaches in fostering local engagement, focusing specifically on the utilization of municipal culture agendas, identity, and local knowledge. Participatory territorial approaches involve involving local communities in decision-making processes and empowering them to actively contribute to the development and implementation of cultural policies and initiatives. Through a comprehensive analysis of case studies, policy documents, and scholarly literature, this study explores the impact and effectiveness of participatory approaches in promoting local engagement and harnessing the cultural resources, identity, and local knowledge of communities. The findings contribute to the understanding of how participatory territorial approaches can strengthen community bonds, enhance cultural sustainability, and foster a sense of ownership and pride among local residents.

This article examines the importance of notary deed authentication in the Indonesian legal system and its role in empowering justice. Through a review of literature and legal documents, the article highlights the significance of notary deed authentication in ensuring the validity of legal documents and preventing fraud. It also discusses the legal framework governing notary deed authentication in Indonesia, including the role of the government and professional notary associations in regulating the profession. The article concludes that notary deed authentication plays a crucial role in promoting transparency and accountability in the legal system, and that continued efforts should be made to strengthen its effectiveness and accessibility. This abstract provides an overview of the article titled "Empowering Justice: The Significance of Notary Deed Authentication in Indonesia." The article examines the role of notary deed authentication in the Indonesian legal system and its importance in promoting justice. Through a review of literature and legal documents, the article highlights the significance of notary deed authentication in ensuring the validity of legal documents and preventing fraud. It also discusses the legal framework governing notary deed authentication in Indonesia, including the role of the government and professional notary associations in regulating the profession. The article concludes that notary deed authentication plays a crucial role in promoting transparency and accountability in the legal system, and that continued efforts should be made to strengthen its effectiveness and accessibility.

The article shows the strengthening of the Soviet power in Turkestan, the military-political processes in the country based on the materials of the "Gornist" newspaper. Also, the structural structure of the newspaper, the topics covered in it, its place in ideological and ideological politics, etc., are explained based on information from a number of sources.

The moral education of children and youth plays a crucial role in fostering their ethical development and shaping their values and character. This paper offers a pedagogical retrospective on moral education, examining the theories and practices that have influenced moral development and instruction over time. By reflecting on the historical evolution of pedagogical approaches to moral education, this study aims to provide insights into effective strategies for cultivating moral understanding, empathy, and ethical decision-making in children and youth. Through a comprehensive review of literature, this paper explores key concepts and theories related to moral education, such as moral reasoning, moral emotions, moral exemplars, and moral education curricula. Additionally, it discusses the role of educators, families, and communities in facilitating moral development and the challenges and opportunities associated with incorporating moral education in educational settings. The findings of this retrospective analysis contribute to the ongoing discourse on moral education and provide guidance for educators and policymakers seeking to promote moral growth and character formation in children and youth.

This article examines the factors that influence family expenditure on education in India, employing a comparative analysis across various well-being measures. The study aims to provide insights into the determinants of educational spending patterns and their implications for different dimensions of well-being. By analyzing data from a diverse sample of Indian households, this research sheds light on the factors that shape families' decisions regarding educational expenditure. The findings highlight the significance of income, social status, parental education, and government policies as key factors influencing family spending on education in India. These insights have important implications for policymakers, educators, and researchers aiming to enhance educational access and outcomes in the country.

In modern storytelling, we can see that writers have deviated from the rules of some genres. The stories are written in a somewhat free manner, so that the writer writes what he wants. This requires that the theory of literature should be reviewed from another point of view. The relevance of this article is determined by the need to study genre changes in modern stories.