This article analyzes the stages of formation and development of energy policy, as well as its geopolitical role in international relations. The evolution of the world energy system is considered in the context of historical processes - from the colonial period to the conditions of modern global energy instability. Based on the theories of such scientists as S.Zhiznin, A.Arbatov, M.Massarat, the author highlights the geopolitical essence of energy policy, energy crises, and their impact on international economic cooperation. The article analyzes the role of OPEC, the International Energy Agency, and major transnational corporations in the global energy market, as well as the strategic importance of renewable energy sources in the 21st century. The research results justify the need to consider energy policy as an integral part of national security and economic stability.

Energy policy, energy security, global energy market

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