Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a glucose intolerance of any degree that is first detected during pregnancy and is one of the most common perinatal diseases, affecting 1–25% of pregnant women worldwide. [1] GDM increases the risk not only of short-term complications for the mother and fetus but also of long-term metabolic consequences and is a significant risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). [2] Studies show that women with GDM have a 35–60% risk of developing T2D within 7 years postpartum, which is almost 10 times higher compared to the general population. [3] This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of GDM and its metabolic consequences in the postpartum period, as well as strategies for identifying and preventing the risk of T2D, based on scientific research conducted over the past decade (2015–2025). The article discusses the pathophysiological mechanisms of T2D development in women with GDM, genetic and environmental factors, and various screening methods and their effectiveness. [4] In addition, various preventive strategies, including lifestyle modification, pharmacological interventions, and new approaches, are thoroughly examined. [5] Systematic reviews indicate that lifestyle modification programs, including diet therapy and physical activity, can reduce the risk of developing T2D by 35–40%. [6] Pharmacological interventions, such as metformin, may reduce the risk by up to 50%. [7] The article emphasizes that a personalized approach to postpartum screening and treatment of women with GDM plays an important role in delaying or preventing the development of T2D. [8] In conclusion, it should be noted that GDM is not only a problem of the pregnancy period, but also a condition that poses a serious threat to long-term metabolic health. The implementation of effective screening, monitoring, and preventive programs offers an opportunity to reduce the prevalence of T2D. [9].

Gestational diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes, postpartum period

MICROFLORA, Dilshodovich KH. SHIELD OF INTESTINAL MICROFLORA: CHANGE EFFECT ON THE GLANDS. American Journal of Pediatric Medicine and Health Sciences, 1 (2023): 81-83.

Khalilov Hikmatulla, Kayimov Mirzohid Normurotovich, Esanov Alisher Akromovich. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THYROID DISEASE AND TYPE 2 DIABETES. (2023).

Tolaganovna, Y.M. SKELETAL MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY AND MECHANISMS OF FUNCTION: ACTIN, MYOSIN AND ENERGY BASES. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE, 3(4), 54-60 (2025).

Tolaganovna, Y.M., Shavkatjon ogli, A.A. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, CAUSES AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED MEDICAL SCIENCE, 3(4), 136-144 (2025).

Jorabek, K. PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS LEADING TO KIDNEY DISEASES AND THEIR PREVENTION. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED MEDICAL SCIENCE, 3(4), 129-135 (2025).

Azimova, S.B., Khalikov, H.D. Modern pathogenetic aspects of urolithiasis development. The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 7.04 (2025): 21-24.

7. Xalilov Hikmatulla, and Qayimov Mirzohid Normurotovich. "The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Medicine." Web of Medicine: Journal of Medicine, Practice and Nursing 3, no. 5 (2025): 201-207.

To’laganovna, Yusupova Moxira. "Skeletal Muscle Physiology and Mechanisms of Their Function: Actin, Myosin, and Energy Bases." American Journal of Social Science 3.4 (2025): 54-60.

Xalilov Hikmatulla, Namiddinov Abror Anasbek Ogli, Sayfullayeva Durdona Dilshod Qizi, and Hikmatova Gulasal Farhodjon Qizi. "The Role of Telemedicine in Preventive Treatment." Eurasian Journal of Academic Research 4, no. 4-2 (2024): 66-70.

Xalilov Hikmatulla, Amirqulov Navro'zbek To'rayevich, and Shukurov Umidjon Majid ogli. "Experimental Modeling of Hypothyroidism." American Journal of Applied Medical Science 3.2 (2025): 207-209.

Xalilov, H. D., Namiddinov, A. A., Berdiyev, O. V., and Ortiqov, O. S. "Hyperthyroidism and Heart Failure." Research and Publications 1(1) (2024): 60-63.

Berdiyev, O. V., M. Quysinboyeva, and A. Sattorova. "Managing Thyroid Diseases via Telemedicine." Open Academia: Journal of Scholarly Research 2.6 (2024): 69-74.

Karabayev, Sanjar. "Opportunities, Features, and Barriers of Telemedicine in Healthcare." Eurasian Journal of Medical and Natural Sciences 3.2 Part 2 (2023): 41-46.

Shadmanova, N.K., and Khalilov, H.D. "Scientific and Practical Interest in Studying the Autonomic Regulation of Maladaptive Cardiovascular Reactions." Eurasian Journal of Academic Research 3(8) (2023): 126-134.

Normurotovich, Qayimov Mirzohid, and Ganjiyeva Munisa Komil Qizi. "Hypothyroidism and Heart Failure." Eurasian Journal of Academic Research 4, no. 5-3 (2024): 14-19.

Normurotovich, Q. M. "Phylogenetic Analysis of Rodopsin G Proteins." Journal of New Century Innovations 43, no. 2 (2023): 178-183.

Maxira, Yusupova, Xalilov Hikmatulla Dilshod ogli, and Berdiyev Otabek Vahob ogli. "The Importance of the Development of Physiology in Medicine: Research Methods in Physiology." Pedagog 7.12 (2024): 111-116.

MICROFLORA DK. "Change Effect on the Glands." American Journal of Pediatric Medicine and Health Sciences 1 (2023): 81-83.

Dilshodovich, Khalilov Hikmatulla. "Shield of Intestinal Microflora: Change Effect on the Glands." American Journal of Pediatric Medicine and Health Sciences 1 (2023): 81-83.

Dilshodovich, K.H., Normurotovich, K.M., and Akromovich, E.A. "Relationship Between Thyroid Disease and Type 2 Diabetes." (2023).

Khalilov Hikmatulla, Shatursunova Madina Abdujamilovna, and Shukurov Umidjon Majid ogly. "The Importance of Artificial Intelligence in the Detection of Kidney Diseases: Modern Approaches and Prospects." Western European Journal of Modern Experiments and Scientific Methods 3.04 (2025): 9-13.

Ikrom, T., 2025. MOLECULAR MECHANISMS AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE CELLS ADAPTATION TO HYPOXIA. Western European Journal of Modern Experiments and Scientific Methods, 3(05), pp.15-22.

Ikrom, Tilyabov. "MOLECULAR MECHANISMS AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE CELLS ADAPTATION TO HYPOXIA." Western European Journal of Modern Experiments and Scientific Methods 3.05 (2025): 15-22.

Abdujamilovna, S.M. and Dilshod ogli, X.H., 2025. QAND MIQDORINING SUYAKLANISHGA TA’SIRI. Continuing education: international experience, innovation, and transformation, 1(10), pp.137-141.

Абдухаликова, Нигора Фахриддиновна, and Хикматулла Халилов. "РОЛЬ ЦИТОХРОМА И В МЕХАНИЗМАХ КЛЕТОЧНОГО ДЫХАНИЯ И ГИПОКСИИ." Advanced methods of ensuring the quality of education: problems and solutions 2.11 (2025): 62-68.

Абдухаликова, Нигора Фахриддиновна, and Хикматулла Халилов. "РОЛЬ СУКЦИНАТДЕГИДРОГЕНАЗЫ В МЕХАНИЗМАХ ГИПОКСИИ." Advanced methods of ensuring the quality of education: problems and solutions 2.11 (2025): 55-61.

Faxriddinovna, Abduxalikova Nigora, Xalilov Hikmatulla Dilshod ogli, and Jabborov Botir Baxodir ogli. "EOZINOFIL FAGASITOZ QILISH MEXANIZMLARI." Advanced methods of ensuring the quality of education: problems and solutions 2.11 (2025): 44-54.

Azimova S. B., Tadjibaeva R. B., Abdunazarova M. I. Contemporary Aspects Of The Influence Of Risk Factors On The Development Of Gestational Diabetes //International Journal of Modern Medicine. – 2025. – Т. 4. – №. 11. – С. 12-15.

Azimova S. B., Tadjibaeva R. B., Abdunazarova M. I. The role of risk factors in the development of diabetes mellitus in pregnant women //The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research. – 2025. – Т. 7. – №. 05. – С. 25-28.

Abdumannobova R. O. et al. THE ROLE OF RISK FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INSULIN RESISTANCE IN CHILDREN //International Journal of Modern Medicine. – 2025. – Т. 4. – №. 04. – С. 11-15.

Aysanem B., Saidamir S., Sevara A. METABOLIK SINDROMDA LIPID SPEKTIRI VA GIPERGOMOSITEINEMIYA O’Z-ARO BOG’LIQLIGI //Elita. uz-Elektron Ilmiy Jurnal. – 2025. – Т. 3. – №. 2. – С. 67-76.

Azimova S. B. et al. Modern pathogenetic aspects of urolithiasis development //The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research. – 2025. – Т. 7. – №. 04. – С. 21-24.

Kudratovna T. N. et al. Actuality of the Problem of Obesity in Young Children in Uzbekistan //The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research. – 2025. – Т. 7. – №. 03. – С. 49-56.

Азимова С. Б. и др. ПАТОГЕНЕЗ ПОРАЖЕНИЯ ЦНС ПРИ ОТРАВЛЕНИИ УГАРНЫМ ГАЗОМ //Лучшие интеллектуальные исследования. – 2025. – Т. 44. – №. 5. – С. 265-272.

Sayfutdinova Z. et al. Role of domestic amino acid blood substitute on metabolic disorders and endogenous intoxication in experimental toxic hepatitis. – 2024.

Kh R. A., Akbarov U. S., Azimova S. B. Preclinical toxicological study of the lipid concentrates of snakes of the genus Eryx. – 2024.

Saidov S. A. et al. METABOLIK SINDROM PATOGENEZINING ZAMONAVIY TUSHUNCHALARI //Academic research in educational sciences. – 2024. – Т. 5. – №. 5. – С. 115-124.

Iriskulov B. U., Dustmuratova А. H., Tadjibaeva R. B. TAJRIBA SHAROITIDA UMURTQA POGʼONASINING TURLI DARAJADAGI SHIKASTLANISH MODELI VA UNDA TAYANCHHARAKAT TIZIMI OʼZGARISHLARI //Academic research in educational sciences. – 2024. – Т. 5. – №. 5. – С. 85-89.

Tolipova N. K. et al. POLYARTHRITIC AND SYSTEMIC JUVENILE IDIOPATIC ARTHRITIS WITH COMBINATION OF TYPE DIABETES MELLITUS. – 2024.

Azimova S. B., Mamadiyarova D. U., Asrarova N. M. OZIQLANTIRISH TURIGA QARAB QUYONLARDA HOMILADORLIKNING TURLI DAVRLARIDA FERRITIN MIQDORINING DINAMIKASI //Журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук. – 2023. – №. 5. – С. 36-38.

Azimova S. B., Mamadiyarova D. U., Asrarova N. M. OZIQLANTIRISH TURIGA QARAB QUYONLARDA HOMILADORLIKNING TURLI DAVRLARIDA FERRITIN MIQDORINING DINAMIKASI //Журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук. – 2023. – №. 5. – С. 36-38.

Adiba M. et al. Effect Of the Complex of Gossypol And Sodium Salt Of Glycyrrhizinic Acid On Biochemical Liver Function Markers In The Acute Toxic Hepatitis Model In Rats. – 2024.

Bahodirovna A. S. et al. BOLALARDA LAKTAZA FERMENTI YETISHMOVCHILIGINING KLINIK BELGILARI VA DAVOLASH USULLARI. – 2024.

Abilov P. M. et al. PATTERNS OF FORMATION OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION CAUSED BY SARS-COV-2 AND WAYS TO OVERCOME THEM WITH THE HELP OF A NEW DRUG BASED ON G. LUCIDUM AND ALHADAYA. – 2024.

Асрарова Н. М. и др. РОЛЬ ГЕМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО МОНИТОРИНГА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С МИЕЛОМНОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ. – 2024.

Zukhra B. et al. Changes in the Rheological Properties of Blood in Kidney Diseases. – 2024.

Abilov P. M. et al. Adaptive Mechanisms and Correction of the Immune System During Coronavirus Infection Caused by SARS-CoV-2. – 2024.

Bahodirovna A. S., Utkurovna S. G., Kizi K. S. K. Pathogenetic Basis for the Development of Lactase Enzyme Deficiency. – 2024.

Bahodirovna A. S. et al. BOLALARDA LAKTAZA FERMENTI YETISHMOVCHILIGINING KLINIK BELGILARI VA DAVOLASH USULLARI. – 2024.

Азимова С. Б. Причины Развития Лактазной Недостаточности У Детей Раннего Возраста //Journal of Innovation in Volume. – 2024. – Т. 2. – №. 1.

Асрарова Н. М., Каюмов А. А., Азимова С. Б. ВОЗРАСТНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЙ МНОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ МИЕЛОМЫ //Academic research in educational sciences. – 2024. – Т. 5. – №. 7-8. – С. 133-141.

Nurmukhamedova N. S., Berdiyeva D. U., Azimova S. B. Clinical approach to the features of the course of nonspecific ulcerative colitis. – 2023.

Azimova S. B., Mamadiyarova D. U., Asrarova N. M. OZIQLANTIRISH TURIGA QARAB QUYONLARDA HOMILADORLIKNING TURLI DAVRLARIDA FERRITIN MIQDORINING DINAMIKASI //Журнал гуманитарных и естественных наук. – 2023. – №. 5. – С. 36-38.

Melisovich A. P. et al. WAYS TO OPTIMIZE THE THERAPY OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION CAUSED BY COVID-19 //Art of Medicine. International Medical Scientific Journal. – 2022. – Т. 2. – №. 3.

Akhmedova D., Azimova S. RETRACTED: Comparative assessment of the spread of respiratory diseases of occupational etiology in regions with a highly developed mining industry //E3S Web of Conferences. – EDP Sciences, 2023. – Т. 420. – С. 05013.

Saydalikhodjaeva S. et al. RETRACTED: The anthropometric indicators’ changes of patients after COVID-19 //E3S Web of Conferences. – EDP Sciences, 2023. – Т. 420. – С. 05012.

Khasanov B. B., Azimova S. B. Extragenital pathology of the mother and morphological features of the development of the thymus in the period of early postnatal ontogenesis //European Chemical Bulletin. – 2023. – Т. 12. – №. 8. – С. 8322-8331.

Kizi K. S. K., Bakhodirovna A. S., Utkurovna S. G. REASONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LACTASE DEFICIENCY IN CHILDREN OF EARLY AGE //The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research. – 2023. – Т. 5. – №. 08. – С. 30-38.

Nurmukhamedova N. S., Berdiyeva D. U., Azimova S. B. Clinical approach to the features of the course of nonspecific ulcerative colitis. – 2023.

Iriskulov B. U., Dustmuratova А. H., Tadjibaeva R. B. TAJRIBA SHAROITIDA UMURTQA POGʼONASINING TURLI DARAJADAGI SHIKASTLANISH MODELI VA UNDA TAYANCHHARAKAT TIZIMI OʼZGARISHLARI //Academic research in educational sciences. – 2024. – Т. 5. – №. 5. – С. 85-89.

Talipova N. et al. Genetic characteristics of the course of chronic hepatitis //E3S Web of Conferences. – EDP Sciences, 2023. – Т. 381. – С. 01098.

Азимова С. ОСОБЕННОСТИ СТРУКТУРНО-ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ТИМУСА ПОТОМСТВА ПРИ ТОКСИЧЕСКОМ ГЕПАТИТЕ МАТЕРИ В ПЕРИОД МОЛОЧНОГО ВСКАРМЛИВАНИЯ //Scientific progress. – 2022. – Т. 3. – №. 2. – С. 659-664.

Azimova S. The influence of mother's extragenital pathology on the formation of thymus of the processing in the early postnatal ontogenesis //The Scientific Heritage. – 2021. – №. 81-2. – С. 44-46.

Azimova S. B. Morphofunctional characteristics of thymus under exposure to various environmental factors //ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal. – 2021. – Т. 11. – №. 3. – С. 2561-2565.