World experience accumulated in the study of the problem from the standpoint of various fields of knowledge indicates that urolithiasis is probably the most polyetiological disease with a very complex pathogenesis. Despite the successes achieved in the treatment of urolithiasis, relapses of the disease within 5 years can occur in 50% of patients. Today, some genetic polymorphisms associated with urolithiasis are of particular interest: uromodulin, which is involved in the regulation of vitamin D metabolism and calcium metabolism. The study of the problem of urolithiasis has reached a qualitatively new level in recent years due to the use of a multidisciplinary approach and the principles of evidence-based medicine. The expansion of the study of the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease, the development and application of high-tech diagnostic and treatment methods have made it possible to solve many problems.

Urolithiasis, gene polymorphism, pathogenesis

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