Air conditioning sales in Pakistan have scarcely risen in the recent decade. Air conditioning firms would face stiff competition in this stagnating industry. Some organizations realize that combining goods and services to meet consumer requirements and boost efficiency may boost profits. This Sovietization business model will shift distributors from product-centered to service-centered. Sovietization is not new in Pakistan's air conditioning sector, but it is not widely applied and some operations fail. Pakistan has limited ventilation and air conditioning business model studies. Successful Sovietization deployment requires understanding its components and their effects. This article examines the important success aspects of ventilation and air conditioning Sovietization in Pakistan and how they benefit stakeholders. The author will identify candidate success criteria through literature studies, expert interviews, and surveys. The Dematel approach ranks essential success elements. This research will improve knowledge of the Sovietization business model in Pakistan and foster innovation.

This paper examines the implementation of market-led strategies in Nigerian university management and its transformative impact on higher education institutions. In response to changing societal needs and economic demands, Nigerian universities are increasingly adopting market-led approaches to enhance their competitiveness, relevance, and sustainability. By embracing principles of market orientation, customer focus, and responsiveness to stakeholders, universities seek to improve student recruitment, academic program development, research commercialization, and industry collaboration. Through case studies and empirical analysis, this study assesses the implementation process, challenges, and outcomes of market-led strategies in Nigerian university management. The findings highlight the potential benefits of market orientation in enhancing institutional effectiveness, fostering innovation, and driving organizational change in higher education.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive research of the effects social media developed in an essential part of marketing strategy for its ability to generate co-created value by EWOM. As a result of the advanced Technological revolution, the industries operations have grown a unique rate and creating multiple opportunities for marketing in online backgrounds. Recently, Technologies have been involved within modern marketing activities to promote their products and services and its approach is to evaluate products and services availabilities by using various platforms like social media, online review websites, blogs and discussion forums in the form of visual information.

At the present time, social media has developed in an essential part of marketing strategy for its ability to generate co-created value, to interactively connect brands to consumers, to monitor brand-related discussions and sentiments, to guide consumers in the decision-making process, to activate Electronic Word of Mouth interactions, and transform consumers into brand supporters.

This study highlights the role of key various digital channels by using applications of social media to be examined on the consumer buying decisions and intention with a mediating effect of the EWOM.

It carried out A quantitative research approach was used to achieve objectives and examine the hypothesized research framework by using a questionnaire in the retailing sector. A total of 384 valid responses were considered for further analysis by using SSPS 21 software to conduct the key analyses.

The results revealed the significant effect and role of all digital channels on the consumers buying decisions, with the moderated role of the EWOM on the effect of digital channels on consumer buying decisions. The study offers additional contributions to the existing literature and supports the assumptions to provide a better grasp about the study topic. Its originality and a unique approach for data collecting and using the schema theory of e-WOM to understand the phenomenon of social media influence on customers intention of destination services / brands. 

Although a separate analysis of the system of entrepreneurial activity was first started in the West, it is known that multifaceted knowledge related to its essence and development was formed in the East and then promoted in the West. Especially, they are expressed in the teachings that were formed in this direction and have their place in life. It is known that on December 7, 2010, at the solemn meeting dedicated to the 18th anniversary of the adoption of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan I.A. Karimov said: "Continuously continuing the path of modernization of our country is the most important part of my progress." gave a lecture on the topic of "the year of mankind". 2011 was announced as the "Year of Small Business and Private Entrepreneurship" in our country.

Health care management system financing plays a vital role in ensuring the availability and accessibility of quality health care services. However, numerous challenges and constraints exist that can hinder the effective financing and sustainability of health care systems. Understanding and addressing these challenges is essential for improving health care financing mechanisms and achieving better health outcomes (124, 125) Healthcare systems in suffer from neglect and underfunding, leading to severe challenges across the six World Health Organization (WHO) pillars of healthcare delivery. We conducted this study to identify the principal challenges in the health sector in and their solutions for evidence-based decisions, policy development and program prioritization

Insufficient Funding Allocation: One of the primary challenges in health care management system financing is the inadequate allocation of funds. Limited financial resources can restrict the availability of essential health care services, compromise service quality, and undermine the overall functioning of the health care system. Insufficient funding allocation hampers infrastructure development, workforce capacity building, and the procurement of medical supplies and equipment (126).

 

This research aims to understand and analyze the impact of psychological pricing and product quality on marketing excellence. The research is descriptive and quantitative, focusing on the retail market for mobile phones in the city of Najaf. The researcher relied on a study population of 423 retail stores catering to consumers' needs for mobile phones. A random distribution of questionnaires was employed to obtain genuine results as a tool for collecting primary data from a sample of 100 responses, representing 23.6% of the population. Each questionnaire comprised 35 questions. The primary data was collected and analyzed, and research hypotheses were tested using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS).

The research is structured into three main sections. The first section discusses the psychological pricing strategy and product quality. The second section delves into the marketing excellence of the surveyed company through innovation and creativity, brand name, as well as the site, and differentiation achieved by the company in comparison to its competitors in the market. The third section presents conclusions and recommendations.

Innovation is a cornerstone of competitive advantage in today's dynamic business environment, and firms often collaborate with external partners to enhance their innovation capabilities. This study examines the influence of technology partnership portfolios on firm innovation performance. Drawing on data from a diverse sample of firms across industries, we analyze the composition and dynamics of technology partnership portfolios and their impact on various dimensions of innovation performance, including product innovation, process innovation, and overall firm competitiveness. Our findings shed light on the strategic importance of managing technology partnerships effectively to maximize innovation outcomes and sustain long-term competitive advantage.

 

This article discusses the scientific and practical aspects of increasing the financial stability of joint-stock companies. The scientific works of domestic and foreign economists on ensuring the financial stability of the company were studied. The financial results and trends in the financial performance of large foreign corporations are analyzed. Based on the study of international practical experience, scientific recommendations have been formulated to ensure financial sustainability in joint-stock companies in our country.

The study was designed to investigate the academic achievement of primary school pupils between specialist and generalist teaching of science / technology in the anglophone sub-system of education in Cameroon. The study employed a concurrent triangulation mixed – method combining both a quasi - experimental design and a survey design. Two generalist classrooms and two specialist classrooms with 60 students each were equally shared between the North West and South West Regions. The head teachers of the four schools were interviewed. The instruments for data collection was the Achievement Test for Level three Primary School pupils (ATLPS) and an interview guide for school heads. Quantitative Data was analysed with the support of SPSS 21.0 while qualitative data went through thematic analysis. Findings showed that the specialist class had a performance of 75.2 over 100, very significantly higher than the 47.1 over 100 recorded in the generalist class (P=0.000). The hypothesis here stated is then rejected, thus implying that specialist approach of teaching is much more appropriate in enhancing pupils’ academic performance than the currently and unfortunately sustained generalist approach. It was generally perceived that teaching method, assessment and pupils’ academic achievement were more effective in the specialist classrooms. Supervision was perceived more challenging in generalist classrooms. It was recommended that there should be a gradual integration of specialist teaching in the educational system, generalist teachers should be upgraded in subject where they are more comfortable in prospect of specialist teaching, and an improvement on administrative supervision and decision making, Training of specialist teachers to be included in the curriculum of Teacher Training Colleges.

In today's dynamic business landscape, the use of accounting software has become increasingly widespread, promising to enhance efficiency and accuracy in financial management processes. This study aims to know the impact of using accounting software on the accuracy of financial information within organizations. To achieve the research objectives, a questionnaire was distributed to employees of Al-Murabba Software Solutions Company, and by compiling results from both theoretical frameworks and practical insights, this research provides valuable implications for companies that aim to benefit from accounting software for financial management. It provides recommendations to improve program implementation strategies, enhance user training programs, and enhance data security measures to increase the accuracy and reliability of financial information. This study also contributes to the ongoing discourse on the role of technology in modern accounting practices and emphasizes the importance of aligning software adoption with organizational goals to achieve greater financial accuracy and effective decision-making.

Bank performance in terms of increase earnings has implication for the survival and growth of the sector, improving the financial results constitutes the most critical aspect of performance of banks. It is against this background that the study comparatively assessed the performance of some selected deposit money banks in Nigeria. Banking in Nigeria has undergone remarkable changes since 2005 bank consolidation. The era of armchair banking has gone. It has become a different ball game in terms of competition and its inherent strategies. This transition eventually brings the Nigerian banks to be in need of capital, asset creation, earnings, liquidity and the management to manage the risk exposure of the aforementioned. In this context, the present study assesses and compares the performance of the Nigerian banks from 2005 to 2015 through their liquidity, asset quality, profitability and share price. Moreover, the Nigerian banks are ranked based on their performance. The ranking result can be used to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of a bank compared to its competitors. Simple random sampling was used to obtain five out of the twenty-one deposit money banks using lottery method. Furthermore, data for the study was obtained from the annual audited reports of the selected banks and data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and it was found that there is a statistically significant difference in their various performance level with regards to liquidity, asset quality, profitability and share price. The significant differences among the banks in terms of the aforementioned, implies that the null hypothesis is thereby rejected and alternate hypothesis accepted, which can now be stated as; there is significant difference between the liquidity levels of the selected banks and their performances; there is significant difference between the asset quality levels of the selected banks and their performances; there is significant difference between the profitability levels of the selected banks and their performances; there is significant difference between the share price levels of the selected banks and their performances. The study concluded with recommendations as to how the various banks can reduce the level of non-performing loans which is cardinal to improvement in banks performance.