Articles
| Open Access |
DOI: The Economic Impact of AI Adoption: Measuring Productivity and Competitive Advantage in International Enterprises
Farrukh Avezov , Global Business Development Director at Twin, Co-founder of Oliy Aql Uzbekistan Moscow, Russian FederationAbstract
This article covers the economic impact analysis by quantitative assessment through implementing artificial intelligence technologies. It analyzes how AI solutions are Productively applied and the formation of sustainable competitive advantage in multinational corporations. The relevance of this study is justified by the rapid growth that exists in corporate and venture investments in AI, a forecast of global AI spending to reach USD 632 billion by 2028, and a need for companies to adapt business processes as fast as possible to keep them competitive in the international market. The novelty of the work lies in a comprehensive synthesis of industry statistics (CB Insights, IDC, McKinsey, PwC, OECD), resource‐based theory of the firm, and the concept of dynamic capabilities to explain sustainable advantages. The methodology includes descriptive and comparative analysis of financial metrics, macroeconomic forecasts of AI’s added value, and detailed case studies of implementations at Google, Amazon, Nike, and Starbucks. The significant results show that, in general, artificial intelligence raises firms’ labor productivity by 0–11%, improves Overall Equipment Effectiveness in manufacturing, quickens Time‐to‐Market, and increases Customer Lifetime Value in retail and services. Generative AI can add between 1.3% and 9.3% of revenue in different fields of business; also, the worldwide economic impact is approximated at USD 2.6–4.4 trillion per year. Sustainable competitive advantage emerges at the intersection of VRIN resources (unique data, algorithms, infrastructure) and firms’ ability to sense, seize, and transform new opportunities rapidly. At the same time, the key constraints are regulatory costs, the capital intensity of infrastructure, and the hype cycle effect. This article will be helpful for managers, strategists, and analysts of multinational corporations, as well as consultants and researchers assessing the economic efficiency and competitive benefits of AI implementation.
Keywords
artificial intelligence, economic impact, labor productivity, competitive advantage, VRIN, dynamic capabilities, generative AI, macroeconomic contribution
References
“Top AI Investment Statistics in 2024,” Edge Delta, May 24, 2024. https://edgedelta.com/company/blog/ai-investment-statistics (accessed Apr. 21, 2025).
[“State of AI Report: 6 trends shaping the landscape in 2025,” CB Insights, Jan. 30, 2025. https://www.cbinsights.com/research/report/ai-trends-2024/ (accessed Apr. 22, 2025).
“State of Venture 2024 Report,” CB Insights, Jan. 07, 2025. https://www.cbinsights.com/research/report/venture-trends-2024/ (accessed Apr. 23, 2025).
“State of AI Q3’24 Report,” CB Insights, Oct. 2024. https://www.cbinsights.com/research/report/ai-trends-q3-2024/ (accessed Apr. 23, 2025).
“IDC Unveils 2025 FutureScapes: Worldwide IT Industry Predictions,” IDC, 2025. https://my.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS52691924 (accessed Apr. 24, 2025).
“Worldwide Spending on Artificial Intelligence Forecast to Reach $632 Billion in 2028, According to a New IDC Spending Guide,” IDC, 2024. https://my.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS52530724 (accessed Apr. 25, 2025).
M. Szczepański, “Economic impacts of artificial intelligence,” EPRS, Jul. 2019. Accessed: Apr. 26, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2019/637967/EPRS_BRI%282019%29637967_EN.pdf
“The Economics of AI: Cost Optimization Strategies for a Successful AI Business,” Samsung SDS, Sep. 30, 2024. https://www.samsungsds.com/us/blog/the-economics-of-ai.html (accessed Apr. 27, 2025).
J. Bombalier, “The Competitive Advantage of Using AI in Business,” Florida International University. https://business.fiu.edu/academics/graduate/insights/posts/competitive-advantage-of-using-ai-in-business.html (accessed Apr. 28, 2025).
M. Hayes and A. Downie, “AI Personalization,” IBM, Aug. 05, 2024. https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/ai-personalization (accessed Apr. 07, 2025).
J. Barney, “Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage,” Journal of Management, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 99–120, Mar. 1991, doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108.
M. R. Ristyawan, “An Integrated Artificial Intelligence and Resource Base View Model for Creating Competitive Advantage,” GATR Journal of Business and Economics Review (JBER) Vol. 5 (1) January March 2020, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 28–37, Mar. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.35609/jber.2020.5.1(4).
C. Simón, E. Revilla, and Maria Jesús Sáenz, “Integrating AI in organizations for value creation through Human-AI teaming: A dynamic-capabilities approach,” Journal of Business Research, vol. 182, pp. 114783–114783, Sep. 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114783.
E. Gregoire, “AI Adoption in 2024: 74% of Companies Struggle to Achieve and Scale Value,” BCG Global, Oct. 2024. https://www.bcg.com/press/24october2024-ai-adoption-in-2024-74-of-companies-struggle-to-achieve-and-scale-value (accessed Apr. 29, 2025).
M. Chui et al., “Economic potential of generative AI,” McKinsey, Jun. 14, 2023. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/the-economic-potential-of-generative-ai-the-next-productivity-frontier (accessed Apr. 30, 2025).
“What’s the real value of AI for your business and how can you capitalise?” PWC, 2017. Accessed: May 01, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/analytics/assets/pwc-ai-analysis-sizing-the-prize-report.pdf
“Leading With AI: Insights For Success In AI-Driven Organizations,” MIT, 2024. Accessed: May 02, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://mitsloan.mit.edu/sites/default/files/2024-10/leading_with_ai.pdf
A. Singla, A. Sukharevsky, L. Yee, M. Chui, and B. Hall, “The state of AI in early 2024: Gen AI adoption spikes and starts to generate value,” McKinsey, Mar. 12, 2025. https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/quantumblack/our-insights/the-state-of-ai (accessed May 03, 2025).
“The Impact Of Artificial Intelligence on Productivity, Distribution and Growth,” OECD, Apr. 2024. Accessed: May 04, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2024/04/the-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-productivity-distribution-and-growth_d54e2842/8d900037-en.pdf
T. Rohs, “Overall Equipment Effectiveness: Maximize Operational Efficiency with OEE and AI,” Clear Object, Jun. 25, 2024. https://www.clearobject.com/overall-equipment-effectiveness-oee-blog/ (accessed May 05, 2025).
“Marketing AI: The Future of Smart Marketing,” Gartner, 2023. https://www.gartner.com/en/marketing/topics/ai-in-marketing (accessed May 05, 2025).
“Deepmind AI Cuts Google Data Center Cooling Bill By 40%, Revolutionizing Energy Efficiency,” Quantum Zeitgeist, Feb. 27, 2025. https://quantumzeitgeist.com/deepmind-ai-cuts-google-data-center-cooling-bill-by-40-revolutionizing-energy-efficiency (accessed May 06, 2025).
M. Stone, “Amazon’s robots could save it $10 billion a year,” Business Insider, Feb. 04, 2025. https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-robots-could-save-10-billion-a-year-2025-2 (accessed May 06, 2025).
A. Mathews, “How Nike is Using AI to Transform Product Design, Customer Experience, and Operational Efficiency,” AIM Research, Jul. 03, 2024. https://aimresearch.co/market-industry/how-nike-is-using-ai-to-transform-product-design-customer-experience-and-operational-efficiency (accessed May 07, 2025).
“Starbucks Uses AI-Powered Rewards to Boost Frequency,” PYMNTS, Jan. 30, 2024. https://www.pymnts.com/news/loyalty-and-rewards-news/2024/starbucks-uses-artificial-intelligence-powered-personalized-rewards-boost-frequency-check-size/ (accessed May 08, 2025).
“Google’s AI co-scientist accelerates drug development,” Drug Target Review, Feb. 28, 2025. https://www.drugtargetreview.com/news/156914/googles-ai-co-scientist-accelerates-drug-development/ (accessed May 09, 2025).
“Unilever reinvents product shoots with AI for faster content creation,” Unilever, Mar. 19, 2025. https://www.unilever.com/news/news-search/2025/unilever-reinvents-product-shoots-with-ai-for-faster-content-creation/ (accessed May 10, 2025).
J. Mendoza, “The EU AI Act: How Businesses Using AI Can Avoid New Fees,” Forbes, Apr. 25, 2025. https://www.forbes.com/sites/jessicamendoza1/2025/04/25/the-eu-ai-act-how-businesses-using-ai-can-avoid-new-fees/ (accessed May 10, 2025).
A. Jaffri, “Hype Cycle for Artificial Intelligence 2024,” Gartner, Nov. 11, 2024. https://www.gartner.com/en/articles/hype-cycle-for-artificial-intelligence (accessed May 14, 2025).
Article Statistics
Copyright License
Copyright (c) 2025 Farrukh Avezov
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain the copyright of their manuscripts, and all Open Access articles are disseminated under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY), which licenses unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is appropriately cited. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations.