
How Employee Motivation, Organizational Culture, and Leadership Influence Perceived Organizational Performance Through Job Satisfaction
Rusli Kechik Jeffrey , Faculty of Business and Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, MalaysiaAbstract
This study explores the factors influencing perceived organizational performance (POP) with a particular focus on the mediating role of job satisfaction (JS). The relationship between individual factors such as employee motivation, organizational culture, leadership, and their impact on POP is evaluated. Using a sample of employees from diverse sectors, the research employs structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the direct and indirect effects of these factors on organizational performance. Results indicate that job satisfaction significantly mediates the relationship between employee motivation, organizational culture, leadership, and perceived organizational performance. The study concludes that enhancing job satisfaction can serve as a strategic tool to improve overall organizational performance.
Keywords
Perceived organizational performance, job satisfaction, employee motivation
References
Abraiz, A., Tabassum, T. M., Raja, S., & Jawad, M. (2012). Empowerment effects and employees job satisfaction. Academic Research International, 3(3), 392-400. http://www.savap.org.pk/journals/ARInt./Vol.3(3)/2012(3.3-45).pdfSearch in Google Scholar
Adesola, M. A., Oyeniyi, K. O., & Adeyemi, M. A. (2013). Empirical study of the relationship between staff training and job satisfaction among Nigerian banks employees. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 2(6), 108-116. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJAREMS/v2-i6/446Search in Google Scholar
Ahrari, S., Roslan, S., Zaremohzzabieh, Z., Rasdi, R. M., & Abu Samah, A. (2021). Relationship between teacher empowerment and job satisfaction: A meta-analytic path analysis. Cogent Education, 8(1), 1898737. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2021.1898737Search in Google Scholar
Akhtar, C. S., Aamir, A., Khurshid, M. A., Abro, M. M. Q., Hussaine, J. (2015). Total rewards and retention: Case study of higher education institutions in Pakistan. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 210, 251-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.365Search in Google Scholar
Akhtar, N., Azeem, S. M., & Mir, G. M. (2014). Impact of HRM practices on perceived organizational performance. International Journal of Academic Research, 6(5), 23-30. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281629901_IMPACT_OF_HRM_PRACTICES_ON_PERCEIVED_ORGANIZATIONAL_PERFORMANCESearch in Google Scholar
Alzoubi, H. M., Agha, K., Alshurideh, M. T., Ghazal, T. M., & Alhyasat, K. M. K. (2023). The impact of organizational empowerment practices and learning organization on firm performance. Corporate & Business Strategy Review, 4(2), 151-167. https://doi.org/10.22495/cbsrv4i2art14Search in Google Scholar
Ameer, M. H., Bhatti, S., & Baig, S. (2014). Impact of employee empowerment on job satisfaction. Developing Country Study, 4(9), 114-125. https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/DCS/article/view/12846/13178Search in Google Scholar
Anam, A., Rashid, S., Mr.Rab, N. L., Mizana, S., & Anam, I. (2013). The impact of employees training on the job performance in education sector of Pakistan. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 17(9), 1273-1278. https://idosi.org/mejsr/mejsr17(9)13/11.pdfSearch in Google Scholar
Arifin, A., Hamid, D., & Hakam, M. (2014). Pengaruh Pemberdayaan dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Studi Pada Karyawan CV. Catur Perkasa Manunggal) [The effect of empowerment and motivation on employee performance (Study of CV Catur Perkasa Manunggal employees]. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 8(2). https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/79932-ID-pengaruh-pemberdayaan-dan-motivasi-terha.pdfSearch in Google Scholar
Arndt, A. D., Singhapakdi, A., & Tam, V. (2015). Consumers as employees: The impact of social responsibility on quality of work life among Australian engineers. Social Responsibility Journal, 11(1), 98-108. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-06-2013-0075Search in Google Scholar
Ashforth, B. E. (1989). The experience of powerlessness in organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 43(2), 207-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(89)90051-4Search in Google Scholar
Bakar, A. (2011). The relationship between training and organizational performance through job satisfaction. Bonfring International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science, 1(1), 20-27. http://www.journal.bonfring.org/papers/iems/volume1/BIJIEMS-01-1007.pdfSearch in Google Scholar
Bakare, K. O. (2012). Training needs of hotel employees as correlates of job satisfaction in Ile-Ile, Osun State. JABU International Journal of Social and Management Sciences, 4(1), 17-24.Search in Google Scholar
Bandura, A. (1989). Human agency in social cognitive theory. American Psychologist, 44(9), 1175-1184. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.9.1175Search in Google Scholar
Becker, W., Bose, A., & Freeman, V. (2006). An executive take on the top business trends: A McKinsey Global Survey. Retrieved on 9 March, 2024 from http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/bemagazine/vol3issue2/index.php?startid=60Search in Google Scholar
Belias, D., & Koustelios, A. (2014). Organizational culture and job satisfaction: A review. International Review of Management and Marketing, 4(2), 132. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261570589_Organizational_Culture_and_Job_Satisfaction_A_ReviewSearch in Google Scholar
Berberoglu, A., & Secim, H. (2015). Organizational commitment and perceived organizational performance among health care professionals: Empirical evidence from a private hospital in Northern Cyprus. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 7(1), 64-71. https://doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v7i1(J).563Search in Google Scholar
Berhanu, K. Z. (2023). Mediating role of job satisfaction on the relation between staff development and performance. Cogent Education, 10(1), 2207408. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2207408Search in Google Scholar
Bos-Nehles, A. C., Van Riemsdijk, M. J., & Looise, J. K. (2013). Employee perceptions of line management performance: Applying the AMO theory to explain the effectiveness of line managers’ HRM implementation. Human Resource Management, 52(6), 861-877. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21578Search in Google Scholar
Bowen, D. E., & Lawler, E. E. III (1992). The empowerment of service workers: What, why, how, and when. Sloan Management Review, 33, 31-39. https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/the-empowerment-of-service-workers-what-why-how-and-when/Search in Google Scholar
Bowen, D. E., & Lawler, E. E. III (1995). Empowering service employees. Sloan Management Review, 36, 73-84. https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/empowering-service-employees/Search in Google Scholar
Camilleri, E., & Van der Heijden, B. I. J. M. (2007). Organizational commitment, public service motivation, and performance within the public sector. Public Performance & Management Review, 31(2), 241-274. https://doi.org/10.2753/PMR1530-9576310205Search in Google Scholar
Cania, L., Korsita, B., Nexhipi, O., & Hoda, H. (2016). The impact of employees training on the organization’s performance – case study in Albania. Specialty Journal of Psychology and Management, 2(2), 68-75. https://sciarena.com/storage/models/article/0eaajt5JO0fM4vZU2pbUrOVCdMgBmCVRGnyYAW6sg3X17Gg0Y1kXO3p9aYHL/the-impact-of-employees-training-on-the-organizations-performance-case-study-in-albania.pdfSearch in Google Scholar
Chaudhary, N. S., & Bhaskar, P. (2016). Training and development and job satisfaction in education sector. Journal of Resources Development and Management, 16, 42-45. https://core.ac.uk/download/234696197.pdfSearch in Google Scholar
Chaudhry, N. I., Jareko, M. A., Mushtaque, T., Mahesa, H. A., & Ghani, Z. (2017). Impact of working environment and training & development on organization performance through mediating role of employee engagement and job satisfaction. European Journal of Training and Development Studies, 4(2), 33-48. https://www.eajournals.org/wp-content/uploads/Impact-of-Working-Environment-and-Training-Development-on-Organization-Performance-through-Mediating-Role-of-Employee-Engagement-and-Job-Satisfaction.pdfSearch in Google Scholar
Chian, C.-F., Back, K.-J., & Canter, D. D. (2005). The impact of employee training on job satisfaction and intention to stay in the hotel industry. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 4(2), 99-118. https://doi.org/10.1300/J171v04n02_06Search in Google Scholar
Conrade, G., & Woods, R. N. (1994). Training in the U.S. lodging industry: Perception and reality. Cornell Hotel & Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 35(5), 16-21. https://www.proquest.com/docview/209726234/fulltextPDF/4701C0C021C2443CPQ/1?accountid=45580&sourcetype=Scholarly%20JournalsSearch in Google Scholar
Costen, W., & Salazar, J. (2011). The impact of training and development on employee job satisfaction, loyalty, and intent to stay in the lodging industry. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 10(3), 273-284. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2011.555734Search in Google Scholar
Dabo, Z., & Ndan, R. T. (2018). Impact of employee empowerment on organization performance: Evidence from quoted bottling companies in Kaduna. International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research, 2(01), 360-369. https://ijebmr.com/uploads/pdf/archivepdf/2020/IJEBMR_02_146.pdfSearch in Google Scholar
Darling, W. (2017). The teacher of today. Chris Publishers.Search in Google Scholar
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum/Springer Science+Business Media. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7Search in Google Scholar
Deci, E. L., Connell, J. P., & Ryan, R. M. (1989). Self-determination in a work organization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(4), 580-590. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.74.4.580Search in Google Scholar
Degago, E. (2014). A study on impact of psychological empowerment on employee performance in small and medium scale enterprise sectors. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(2), 60-71. https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/EJBM/article/viewFile/15547/15954Search in Google Scholar
Demirci, M. K., & Erbaş, A. (2010). Employee empowerment and its effect on organizational performance. In 2nd International Symposium on Sustainable Development, June 8-9 2010, Sarajevo (pp. 142-146). International Burch University. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/153446944.pdfSearch in Google Scholar
Diab, S., & Ajlouni, M. T. (2015). The influence of training on employee’s performance, organizational commitment, and quality of medical services at Jordanian private hospitals. International Journal of Business and Management, 10(2), 117-127. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v10n2p117Search in Google Scholar
Diah, Y. M., & Cahyadi, A. (2019). Improving organizational performance through job satisfaction based on employee empowerment. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 142, 148-153. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200520.025Search in Google Scholar
Funmilola, O. F., Sola, K. T., & Olusola, A. G. (2013). Impact of job satisfaction dimensions on job performance in a small and medium enterprise in Ibadan, South Western, Nigeria. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 4(11), 509-521. https://www.academia.edu/118141213/Impact_of_Job_Satisfaction_Dimensions_on_Job_Performance_in_a_Small_and_Medium_Enterprise_in_Ibadan_South_Western_NigeriaSearch in Google Scholar
Gan, J. L., & Yusof, H. M. (2019). The relationship between training and employees’ retention: A review paper. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Management Practices, 2(5), 16-24. https://gaexcellence.com/ijemp/article/view/3823Search in Google Scholar
Article Statistics
Copyright License
Copyright (c) 2025 Rusli Kechik Jeffrey

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain the copyright of their manuscripts, and all Open Access articles are disseminated under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY), which licenses unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is appropriately cited. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations.