Applied Sciences
| Open Access |
DOI: Formation of Zn2sio4:Co2+ Solid Solutions in The Coo-Zno-Sio2 System: Phase Formation and Colorimetric Characteristics
Kodirova Umida Aslonovna , PhD, senior researcher, Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan Kadyrova Zulayho Raimovna , Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Prof. Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan Usmanov Khikmatulla Lutpullayevich , Doctor of Sciences, Prof. Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan Khomidov Fakhriddin Gafurovich , Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan Eminov Azizjon Аshrapovich , Doctor of Sciences, chief researcher, Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan Tairov Saidamir Saidmalikovich , PhD, senior researcher, Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of UzbekistanAbstract
The study examines the synthesis and color characteristics of Co-containing ceramic pigments in the CoO-ZnO-SiO2 system. Pigments were prepared from Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, Co(NO3)2·6H2O, and quartz sand (SiO2) by solid-state firing in air at 1050-1250 °C. X-ray diffraction confirmed willemite-type Zn₂SiO₄ as the main phase; at 1050 °C secondary phases (Co2SiO4, α-SiO2, and traces of ZnO) were detected, while their contribution decreased markedly with increasing temperature, indicating near-complete willemite formation at 1250 °C. Diffuse reflectance colorimetry (CIELAB, D65/10°) showed progressive darkening and saturation of the blue–violet color with temperature (L* 58.57→33.43; b* -38.35→-48.65; C* 39.15→49.25) with an almost constant hue angle. The most stable and intense coloration was achieved at 1250 °C (ΔE* vs 1250 °C: 27.17 at 1050 °C and 9.78 at 1150 °C).
Keywords
Ceramic pigment, willemite, solid solution
References
Llusar M., Forés A., Badenes J.A., Calbo J., Tena M.A., Monrós G. Colour analysis of some cobalt-based blue pigments // Journal of the European Ceramic Society. – 2001. – Vol. 21, № 8. – P. 1121–1130. – DOI: 10.1016/S0955-2219(00)00295-8.
Lavat A.E., Gayo G.X. In situ formation of coloured M(II)-doped Zn2SiO4-willemite in ceramic glazes (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu) // Ceramics International. – 2014. – Vol. 40, № 8 (Part A). – P. 11947–11955. – DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.04.031.
Enríquez E., Reinosa J.J., Fuertes V., Fernández J.F. Advances and challenges of ceramic pigments for inkjet printing // Ceramics International. – 2022. – Vol. 48, № 21. – P. 31080–31101. – DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.07.155.
Zhang W., Li Z., Wu G., Wu W., Zeng H., Jiang H., Zhang W., Wu R., Xue Q. Effects of Coloration of Spinel CoAl2O4 Cobalt Blue Pigments: Composition, Structure, and Cation Distribution // Inorganics. – 2023. – Vol. 11, № 9. – Art. 368. – DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11090368.
Takesue M., Hayashi H., Ishikawa K. Thermal and chemical methods for producing zinc silicate phosphors // Materials Chemistry and Physics. – 2009. – Vol. 117, № 2–3. – P. 267–271. – DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2009.06.015.
Lavat A.E., Gayo G.X. In situ formation of coloured M(II)-doped Zn2SiO4-willemite in ceramic glazes (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu) // Ceramics International. – 2014. – Vol. 40, № 8 (Part A). – P. 11947–11955
Lavat A.E., Gayo G.X. In situ formation of coloured M(II)-doped Zn2SiO4-willemite in ceramic glazes (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu) : full text (PDF) // CONICET Digital Repository. – 2014
Ibreva T., Tzvetkov P., Yordanova I., et al. Synthesis and characterization of willemite ceramic pigments // Bulgarian Chemical Communications. – 2018. – Vol. 50 (Special Issue F). – P. 31–37.
Ardit M., Dondi M., Cruciani G., Zanelli C. Tetrahedrally coordinated Co2+ in oxides and silicates: Effect of local environment on optical properties // American Mineralogist. – 2014. – Vol. 99, No. 8–9. – P. 1736–1745. – DOI: 10.2138/am.2014.4877.
Serment B., Brochon C., Hadziioannou G., Buffière S., Demourgues A., Gaudon M. The versatile Co2+/Co3+ oxidation states in cobalt alumina spinel: how to design strong blue nanometric pigments for color electrophoretic display // RSC Advances. – 2019. – Vol. 9. – P. 34125–34135. – DOI: 10.1039/C9RA06395A.
Cheng Q., et al. Optical properties and application of blue and purple inorganic pigments based on Co2+/Ni2+ doping (tunable hue vs dopant level) // Solid State Sciences. – 2025. – Vol. 162. – Art. 107869. – DOI: 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2025.107869.
Download and View Statistics
Copyright License
Copyright (c) 2026 Kodirova Umida Aslonovna, Kadyrova Zulayho Raimovna, Usmanov Khikmatulla Lutpullayevich, Khomidov Fakhriddin Gafurovich, Eminov Azizjon Аshrapovich, Tairov Saidamir Saidmalikovich
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain the copyright of their manuscripts, and all Open Access articles are disseminated under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY), which licenses unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is appropriately cited. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, and so forth in this publication, even if not specifically identified, does not imply that these names are not protected by the relevant laws and regulations.