The rapid integration of automated driving functionalities into modern vehicles represents a profound transformation in the automotive domain, with Automated Lane Keeping Systems (ALKS) emerging as one of the most prominent and commercially deployed forms of conditional automation. This transformation is not solely technological; it is deeply regulatory, organizational, and methodological in nature. Automated systems increasingly rely on artificial intelligence–driven perception, decision-making, and control mechanisms, which challenge traditional paradigms of functional safety, software lifecycle governance, cybersecurity assurance, and regulatory compliance. This research article presents a comprehensive and theoretically grounded examination of ALKS within the context of international regulatory frameworks, safety standards, and software engineering processes. Drawing strictly on authoritative standards and scholarly references, the study explores the alignment and tensions between UNECE vehicle regulations, ISO and IEC lifecycle standards, Automotive SPICE process maturity models, AUTOSAR adaptive architectures, MISRA coding compliance, and emerging requirements for software updates and cybersecurity management. Using a qualitative, standards-based analytical methodology, the article synthesizes regulatory intent, engineering practices, and safety assurance mechanisms to illuminate how automated lane keeping can be introduced safely into mixed traffic environments. The findings emphasize that compliance alone is insufficient; instead, a systems-thinking approach that integrates safety, cybersecurity, software evolution, and artificial intelligence governance across the vehicle lifecycle is required. The discussion highlights limitations in current frameworks when confronted with learning-enabled systems and outlines future research directions aimed at harmonizing functional safety with adaptive intelligence. This work contributes a holistic academic perspective that supports regulators, automotive manufacturers, and researchers in advancing safer, more resilient automated driving systems.

Automated Lane Keeping Systems, Functional Safety, UNECE Regulations, Automotive Software Lifecycle

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