The accelerating complexity of global supply chains, particularly in high‑technology sectors such as semiconductor and GPU manufacturing, brings profound challenges in managing risk, uncertainty, and regulatory disruption. This paper develops a comprehensive conceptual framework for building “viable supply chains,” defined as supply networks capable of sustaining performance under geopolitical turbulence, regulatory constraints, trade‑policy shifts, and demand volatility. Drawing upon established literature on supply chain risk management (Fan & Stevenson, 2018; Ho et al., 2015), supply chain resilience and agility (Gligor et al., 2019; Han, Chong & Li, 2020; Hosseini, Ivanov & Dolgui, 2019), and recent analyses of supply‑chain strategies in the semiconductor industry (Bernstein, 2023; Lulla, 2025; BIS, 2023; Flamm & Bonvillian, 2025), the framework synthesizes prior conceptualizations and extends them to address contemporary challenges such as reshoring, capacity reservation under disruption, and elasticity of substitution between domestic and imported goods (Ahmad & Riker, 2020; Devarajan, Go & Robinson, 2023). Using a systematic literature-based methodology, we analyze key dimensions—risk identification and mitigation, supply chain agility, resilience capacities, contractual and sourcing strategies, regulatory compliance, and design for adaptability. The results highlight critical capabilities required for supply‑chain viability in high‑tech manufacturing: diversified sourcing including backup and reshored suppliers; dynamic coordination and information flows; contractual mechanisms for revenue sharing under uncertainty; and alignment with regulatory and trade policy frameworks. The discussion elaborates theoretical implications, limitations, and proposes directions for empirical validation and extension, including digital‑twin simulations (Ivanov & Dolgui, 2021) and performance metric benchmarking (Han, Chong & Li, 2020). This integrative framework provides a roadmap for academics and practitioners seeking to design, analyze, and adapt supply chains for strategic robustness in a rapidly evolving geopolitical landscape.

Supply chain viability, resilience; agility, high‑tech manufacturing, reshoring

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