This article synthesizes contemporary theory and practice in fault-tolerant microarchitectures with a focus on RISC-V processor cores, dual-core lockstep designs, software-implemented redundancy, and latency-aware provisioning in prediction-serving pipelines. Drawing exclusively on the provided literature, it constructs an integrative perspective that links radiation- and transient-fault mitigation strategies from aerospace and satellite applications to safety-critical domains such as automotive zonal controllers and edge prediction services. The structured abstract presents: (a) background emphasizing the confluence of reliability, performance, and cost pressures; (b) methods describing comparative, design-oriented, and analytical approaches distilled from the references; (c) key thematic results synthesizing hardware-and-software co-design patterns, statistical injection frameworks, thread protection techniques, and system-level provisioning trade-offs; and (d) conclusions outlining research directions, practical recommendations, and limitations. This contribution does not present new empirical measurements but offers a deep theoretical elaboration that clarifies design choices, exposes nuanced trade-offs, and proposes a unified framework for future experimental validation and standardization.

Fault tolerance, RISC-V, lockstep architectures, radiation effects, prediction-serving pipelines

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