Therapeutic fasting attracts growing interest within neuroscience because metabolic stress modulates neurotrophic signalling. The present study evaluates intermittent fasting combined with vegan nutrient patterns for their cumulative influence on memory, attention and synaptic plasticity. A systematic examination of experimental rodents, controlled human trials and molecular investigations conducted. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), AMP-activated kinase and sirtuin pathways were selected as mechanistic markers. Evidence synthesis indicates that alternate-day energy restriction up-regulates hippocampal BDNF, while polyphenols and omega-3 precursors supplied by plant diets reinforce this response. Clearance of misfolded proteins, attenuation of neuro-inflammation and stabilisation of neuronal membranes surfaced as convergent mechanisms. Comparative evaluation suggests superior cognitive performance when fasting protocols coincide with plant-rich menus compared with either intervention alone. The analysis highlights translational gaps, particularly long-term human data, and formulates directions for personalised nutritional neuromodulation. Potential safety considerations related to hypoglycaemia and micronutrient sufficiency are critically appraised within cohorts. The article will be useful for clinical nutritionists, neuroscientists, geriatric practitioners and policymakers.

intermittent fasting, vegan diet, neuroplasticity, brain-derived neurotrophic factor

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