The advent of inexorable human, and industrial activities as well as the input of nature has impacted the environment by releasing Heavy Metals into the aquatic system. Hence, the physical removal of hazardous HM remains a demand of the day. This review envisages the use of agro-waste with the incorporation of nanotechnology for the removal of HM from aquatic systems. The focus is on plant parts, plant metabolites, and plant-cellulose-derived Carbon Nanofibers (CNF) as materials used for the removal of Heavy Metals. Owing to their high surface area, high mechanical strength, greater chemical reactivity due to the presence of dangling bonds, non-toxicity, high porosity,channel-like morphology, and lower costas the precursor, energy-efficient production; makes CNF an effective adsorbent of Heavy Metals.CNF synthesized from agro-waste and plant-metabolite to adsorb Heavy Metals; as well as acts as a filtration base has been touched upon with the hope of bridging the gap between ever-increasing demand and available clean water. A brief introduction to the CNF, its structure, properties as well as common methods of synthesis of CNF is given. Moreover, Physico-Chemical and Biological methods that are being used is also touched upon. The article suggests the need for innovative, low-cost, and environmentally friendly surface modification techniques and the use of agro-waste-derived CNF for the removal of HM from water.

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