Political Science Law
| Open Access |
DOI: Unregulated And Hybrid Transport Service Contracts: A Comparative Study of Uzbekistan, Russia, Japan, The United States, Malaysia, And Other Jurisdictions
Nosirjon Askarov , Researcher, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Law, UzbekistanAbstract
This article analyzes unregulated and hybrid transport service contracts that have emerged in modern mobility ecosystems. These include app-based taxi platforms such as Yandex Go and MyTaxi, ride-sourcing services, on-demand auxiliary services such as battery jump-start and alcohol-free driver assistance, and car-sharing models including Delimobil, Zipcar and Times Car Plus. These contractual arrangements combine elements of transportation, agency, rental, consumer services, digital intermediation and payment facilitation. As a result, they do not correspond to traditional classifications in civil legislation.
In many jurisdictions, including Uzbekistan, such contracts remain legally unnamed. This leads to difficulties in legal qualification, uncertainty in consumer protection, unclear distribution of liability, taxation problems and gaps in regulatory oversight. Based on civil-law theory, international transport regulation and comparative case studies, the article proposes a doctrinal understanding of hybrid transport contracts and develops recommendations to improve the legislative framework of Uzbekistan.
Keywords
Unnamed contract, hybrid contract, transport services, mobility platforms
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Copyright (c) 2025 Nosirjon Askarov
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