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Human rights violations in counterinsurgency operations: a gender perspective

Christopher M. Osazuwa
Postgraduate Student, City University, Cambodia
Maryjane Y. Oghogho
Postgraduate Student, City University, Cambodia
Opinion D. Iyamba
Postgraduate Student, City University, Cambodia
Anthony Ofoyetan
Postgraduate Student, City University, Cambodia
Sunday U. Brownson
Postgraduate Student, City University, Cambodia
Irenen I. Osayuwamwen
Postgraduate Student, City University, Cambodia
Henshaw E. Ekeng
Postgraduate Student, City University, Cambodia
DOI Crossref DOI 10.37547/tajpslc/Volume07Issue05-10
tajpslc 2025
VOL. 7 / NO. 05 MAY
FULL TEXT PP. 60-75
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VOLUME 7
ISSUE 05
YEAR 2025
PAGES 60-75
RESEARCH OVERVIEW

Abstract

Counterinsurgency (COIN) operations are designed to restore stability and neutralize insurgencies but often result in significant human rights violations. These include extrajudicial killings, torture, sexual violence, and forced displacement, disproportionately affecting marginalized populations, especially women and girls. This study examines the gendered dimensions of these violations and seeks to uncover systemic inequalities that exacerbate their impact. The research aims to analyze human rights abuses in COIN through a gendered lens, emphasizing the necessity for gender-sensitive strategies to mitigate harm. The study adopts feminist security theories, emphasizing the intersectionality of gender, ethnicity, and socio-economic status in conflict contexts. A qualitative research design integrates thematic literature reviews, case studies, and international reports, with data analyzed to highlight recurring patterns of gender-specific violations. Case studies from Colombia, Afghanistan, and Nigeria illustrate the disproportionate impact of COIN on women and marginalized groups, showcasing systemic issues such as sexual violence, displacement, and the lack of accountability. Findings reveal that COIN operations often intensify existing inequalities, with women facing sexual violence and men experiencing torture and forced recruitment. The neglect of gender-specific needs perpetuates cycles of violence and hinders recovery. Structural weaknesses in accountability and limited implementation of international human rights standards exacerbate these issues. This study underscores the importance of integrating gender-sensitive policies and robust accountability mechanisms into COIN frameworks. Recommendations include enhancing legal protections, supporting local organizations, and prioritizing inclusive peacebuilding efforts to ensure equity and justice for affected populations.

RESEARCH TOPICS

Keywords

Counterinsurgency Human Rights Violations Gender-Based Violence

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