Adultery, a significant social and legal issue, is addressed through various legal frameworks, including customary laws that are deeply rooted in cultural traditions. This study explores the resolution of adultery cases within Sabunese customary law, focusing on the practices, principles, and sanctions employed in such cases. Through qualitative analysis of customary legal procedures, interviews with local authorities, and case studies, the research examines how Sabunese customary law defines, addresses, and resolves adultery disputes. The findings reveal a unique blend of restitution, reconciliation, and community involvement in the resolution process, offering insights into the intersection of law, culture, and justice in Sabunese society. This study highlights the role of customary law in shaping social norms and legal practices within the community, providing a deeper understanding of its relevance in contemporary legal systems.

Reputation applies to both legal entities and natural persons. Since every market entity strives to establish a positive reputation in order to promote its goods, reputation is a crucial attribute for market entities in commercial economic activities. Advertising, in which businesses advertise their goods to emphasize their benefits and market them as effectively as possible, is one strategy to establish this reputation. These organizations may, nevertheless, use advertising by contrasting their product with that of another economic entity in addition to simply displaying their own. They may plan a ceremony to display and contrast their product with that of another organization, or they may employ conventional advertising techniques. They might also try to promote their product by disparaging the quality of goods made by other organizations.

As a result, this study offers an analytical examination of commercial defamation, its concept, and comparative advertising—the practice of comparing the product of one company with that of another—with reference to European and American law and the framework of Chinese law. In addition, the study investigates whether the idea of comparative advertising—or advertising in general—applies when a product is presented and contrasted with another product during a ceremony instead of using conventional advertising techniques.

Eliminating Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in Bangladesh sparked protests, and military intervention in South Asia is a significant factor. Using a qualitative methodology that combines document analysis and a review of various literature, this study looks into the reasons behind the crisis and how events unfolded by different actors involved and ended between countries within the region.

Results show the steady decay of democratic standards during the 15 years of Hasina's reign, with suppression of speech, curtailment of dissent, and election rigging. Low-level discontent caused by intractable socio-economic inequities, rising prices, and unemployment combined with ethnic issues (not least discrimination against minorities) increased social tensions. The crisis was further complicated by external interference from regional powers, particularly India and China, which challenged the sovereignty of Bangladesh.

Reservation schemes meant to uplift these marginalized groups were subverted for political advantage, based on which tensions and inequality only increased. The crisis highlights the visceral need for democratic norms, inclusive governance and equity, and resilience to external interference. It details the regional consequences of the crisis, which range from potential spill-over in neighboring states to disruption of regional trade and investment to possible rising instability. It urges South Asian countries to lower their political temperature, re-commit to democratic norms and values, strengthen socioeconomic realities, and institutionalize regional cooperation to avoid a repeat of such crises.

This article describes the history and evolution of relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan, analysis of political processes and development trends. Also, it is focused on the analysis of the future perspective of the relations based on the foreign political activities of the two countries, the problems in their mutual relations, the priority directions of cooperation and the happening events.

The article analyzes on a scientific and theoretical basis the subject and objectives of prosecutorial supervision over the execution of legislative acts on appeals of individuals and legal entities, as well as regulatory documents in this area. The border between the subject and the object of supervision over the implementation of the legislative acts on appeals to the prosecutor’s office is highlighted. Some norms on appeals of individuals and legal entities enshrined in the Laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On appeals of individuals and legal entities” and “On the prosecutor’s office” are analyzed.