Eliminating Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in Bangladesh sparked protests, and military intervention in South Asia is a significant factor. Using a qualitative methodology that combines document analysis and a review of various literature, this study looks into the reasons behind the crisis and how events unfolded by different actors involved and ended between countries within the region.

Results show the steady decay of democratic standards during the 15 years of Hasina's reign, with suppression of speech, curtailment of dissent, and election rigging. Low-level discontent caused by intractable socio-economic inequities, rising prices, and unemployment combined with ethnic issues (not least discrimination against minorities) increased social tensions. The crisis was further complicated by external interference from regional powers, particularly India and China, which challenged the sovereignty of Bangladesh.

Reservation schemes meant to uplift these marginalized groups were subverted for political advantage, based on which tensions and inequality only increased. The crisis highlights the visceral need for democratic norms, inclusive governance and equity, and resilience to external interference. It details the regional consequences of the crisis, which range from potential spill-over in neighboring states to disruption of regional trade and investment to possible rising instability. It urges South Asian countries to lower their political temperature, re-commit to democratic norms and values, strengthen socioeconomic realities, and institutionalize regional cooperation to avoid a repeat of such crises.

Bangladesh, Democracy, Democratic Norms, Military Intervention

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