This research examines the development, implementation, and impact of presidential pardons and parliamentary amnesties in Uzbekistan's criminal justice system from independence in 1991 through the present day. Through systematic analysis of legal frameworks, institutional mechanisms, and documented practices, this study investigates how these clemency powers have evolved and their role in shaping criminal justice outcomes. Drawing on primary legal sources, international organization reports, and scholarly analyses, this research contributes to the understanding of post-Soviet legal development and criminal justice reform in Central Asia. The findings reveal the complex interplay between executive and legislative clemency powers while highlighting both achievements and challenges in their implementation.

Uzbekistan, Presidential pardons, Parliamentary amnesty

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Legal Documents and Official Sources

Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Courts"

Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the Prosecutor's Office"

Presidential Decree No. PP-4006 "On Measures to Further Strengthen the Guarantees of the Rights and Freedoms of Citizens in Judicial-Investigative Activities" (2018)

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International Treaties and Conventions

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)

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Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture (ratified by Uzbekistan).