Why some people become terrorists whilst others do not. It is easy enough to show how radical ideas are internalised by terrorists. But this does not explain why some people exposed to radical ideas are not radicalised. In fact, the majority of people exposed to radical ideas are not radicalised.

Violent extremism and radicalization are complex multifaceted phenomenon that need an integrated approach in its programming. Most counterterrorism efforts have focused on short-term security and law enforcement measures (the hard approaches).

Capacity-Building, Violent extremism, Terrorist

Countering Violent Extremism literature review by Nasser-Eddine, Garnham, Agostino and Caluya (2011); Violent Extremism by Glazzard and Zeuthen (2016); CVErlT: Ideas, recommendations, and Good Practices from the OSCE region, Neumann (2017)

Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism: report of the Secretary-General (united Nations General Assembly Seventieth Session, A/A/70/674)

Preventing Terrorism and Countering Violent Extremism and radicalization that lead to Terrorism: A Community-policing approach (OSCE TNTD and ODIHR, 2014)

Department of State and USAID Joint Strategy on Countering Violent Extremism (U.S. Department of State and USAID, 2016)

Preventing Violent radicalization in America (National Security Preparedness Group, Bipartisan Policy Center, 2011)

Wilkinson, P. (2001, 22-24 September). Responses to Terrorism from the Toolbox of Liberal Democracies: Their Applicability to Other Types of Regimes. Paper presented at the Countering Terrorism through International Cooperation, Courmayeur Mont Blanc, Italy.

Aly, W. (2008). Axioms of Aggression: Counter-terrorism and counter-productivity in Australia. Alternative Law Journal, 33(1), 20-26.

Crelinsten, R. (2007). Counterterrorism as Global Governance:

Research Inventory. In M.Ranstorp (Ed.), Mapping Terrorism Research: state of the art, gaps and future direction (pp.210-235). Abingdon, OX: Routledge.