This research paper investigates the impact of income inequality on community health and economic development in Iran. Income inequality is a pervasive issue with significant social and economic implications. In this study, we analyze the relationship between income inequality, community health indicators, and economic development measures in Iran. By employing statistical analysis and econometric modeling, we examine the extent to which income inequality influences community health outcomes and economic progress. The findings provide insights into the complex interplay between income inequality, community health, and economic development, and offer valuable implications for policymakers seeking to address inequality and promote sustainable socio-economic growth in Iran.

This article shows the importance of financial asset management for enterprises, the entire business depends on the availability and turnover of financial assets, what are financial assets, and how to organize financial asset management. of the article relevance today's in the day financial assets of management theoretical aspects according to our scientists by enough research works take not going therefore for  financial assets of management theoretical studies deepening and the first in line, him set giver important comprehensive features _ seeing requires exit.

In today's dynamic and competitive business landscape, achieving organizational excellence is a paramount goal. This study investigates the intricate relationships among transformational leadership, four-dimensional commitment, job characteristics, and leadership styles to unravel the mechanisms driving organizational excellence. Utilizing a comprehensive framework, we explore how transformational leadership influences employee commitment through the mediating role of job characteristics, while also considering the moderating impact of participative and directive leadership styles. Our findings shed light on the pivotal role of leadership in shaping organizational outcomes and provide valuable insights for leaders and practitioners seeking to foster excellence within their organizations.

Investing in tourism assists to provide additional job opportunities, boost tourism sector competitiveness, and increase the country's income and general public revenues, all of which contribute to the country's economic progress. The purpose of this article is twofold, one is to discuss the role of investment in the development of regional tourism and another one is to explore the role of investment activity in the development of Uzbekistan's tourism industry. A comprehensive literature review on the role of investment in the development of the tourism industry reveals that investment plays a critical role in shaping the growth and sustainability of this sector. Tourism is a multifaceted industry with a wide range of stakeholders, including governments, private sector businesses, and local communities. Investment in various forms, such as infrastructure development, marketing, human resource training, and technology, is essential to harness the economic, social, and environmental benefits that tourism can offer.

Our research shows that one of the most modern and effective methods of financing in the clusters of our country - mezzanine financing, has not been developed in scientific, methodological and practical-theoretical aspects. Therefore, in this study, we will analyze the issues of mezzanine financing in the clusters of Uzbekistan based on international experience.

The concept of a "SMART" tourist area model for forming a cluster of pilgrimage sites has gained significant attention in recent years. This abstract presents an overview of a comprehensive model that combines the principles of SMART (Sustainable, Manageable, Adaptable, Resilient, and Technology-driven) tourism with the unique characteristics of pilgrimage sites. The model aims to enhance the overall visitor experience, ensure the sustainable development of pilgrimage destinations, and foster economic growth in the surrounding regions.

The proposed model incorporates various elements, including infrastructure development, smart technology integration, community engagement, and environmental preservation. It emphasizes the importance of sustainable practices in pilgrimage site management, such as efficient waste management systems, renewable energy utilization, and the promotion of eco-friendly transportation options. Additionally, the model integrates advanced technologies, such as mobile applications, augmented reality, and data analytics, to enhance visitor services, provide real-time information, and optimize resource allocation.

Community engagement plays a vital role in the model, involving the local population in decision-making processes, cultural preservation, and tourism development. By actively involving the community, the model aims to create a sense of ownership and responsibility among local stakeholders, leading to the preservation of cultural heritage and the empowerment of local economies.

Furthermore, the model emphasizes the importance of resilience, considering the potential challenges posed by natural disasters, overcrowding, and changing visitor demands. It incorporates strategies for disaster preparedness, crowd management, and diversification of tourism offerings to mitigate risks and ensure the long-term sustainability of the pilgrimage sites.

The proposed "SMART" tourist area model of forming a cluster of pilgrimage sites presents a holistic approach to pilgrimage tourism development. By integrating sustainability, technology, community engagement, and resilience, the model aims to create a harmonious balance between visitor satisfaction, environmental conservation, and socio-economic benefits. It serves as a guide for policymakers, destination managers, and stakeholders involved in the development and management of pilgrimage sites, contributing to the establishment of thriving and future-ready tourist areas.

This study focused on principals’ arbitration management strategies and its impact on teachers’ effectiveness in Catholic secondary schools in the Kumba municipality, Meme Division, Southwest Region. The lone objective was to investigate the impact of Principals’ arbitration conflict Management strategies on Teachers’ effectiveness in Catholic Secondary Schools in the Kumba municipality. This paper used of John W. Burton conflict resolution theory (1980). The research design chosen for this study was the qualitative case study research design.  The sample technique for the research was the purposive sampling technique and the sample size was 9 participants (3 principals and 6 teachers). Two research instruments were used in collecting data for this study: principals’ and teachers’ interview guides). The instruments validity and reliability were ensured through supervisor’s content scrutiny and ensuring transparency and auditing of the research activities as well as peer debriefing. Findings of the study showed that principals use of Arbitration conflict management strategy had an impact on teachers’ effectiveness. Based on this finding the researcher recommended that the Catholic education secretariate should provide capacity building workshop for principals on conflict management. Also, the government in partnership with Catholic hierarchy should encourage the provision of capacity building workshops for teachers on teamwork and collaboration in the teaching environment.