This review critically examines the effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and temperature on nutrient properties in various ecosystems. With rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations and global temperatures, understanding how these environmental changes influence nutrient dynamics is crucial for predicting their impact on ecosystem functioning and productivity. Elevated CO2 levels can affect nutrient availability, uptake, and allocation in plants, leading to alterations in nutrient cycling and ecosystem processes. Similarly, increasing temperatures can influence nutrient mineralization rates, microbial activity, and soil nutrient availability, further shaping ecosystem nutrient dynamics. By synthesizing current literature and research findings, this review provides insights into the complex interactions between elevated CO2, temperature, and nutrient properties, highlighting the importance of considering multiple factors in assessing ecosystem responses to climate change.

Biostimulants, derived from various organic sources, play a crucial role in enhancing plant growth, stress tolerance, and yield. Understanding the origin of biostimulants is essential for optimizing their efficacy and ensuring sustainable agricultural practices. This study proposes a novel approach for classifying biostimulant origin based on the amino acid composition of hydrolyzed proteins. By analyzing the amino acid profiles of biostimulants derived from different sources, including plant-based, animal-derived, and microbial sources, distinctive patterns emerge that enable accurate classification. Through statistical analysis and machine learning techniques, this approach offers a reliable and efficient method for identifying the origin of biostimulants, providing valuable insights for farmers, manufacturers, and regulatory authorities. By elucidating the relationship between amino acid composition and biostimulant origin, this study contributes to advancing our understanding of biostimulant quality and efficacy, ultimately supporting sustainable agriculture and food security.