Seed priming has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance seedling establishment and root development in various crops. This study investigates the effects of nanosilicon (SiNPs) priming on root characteristics and seedling growth in Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) during its early stages. Arabica coffee is particularly sensitive to environmental stressors, and optimizing its early growth stages is crucial for improving overall crop productivity. The application of SiNPs has shown potential in enhancing root growth and alleviating abiotic stress in other crops, but its effects on coffee seedlings remain underexplored. This research assesses the impact of SiNPs on root length, root biomass, and root-to-shoot ratio in Arabica coffee seedlings under controlled nursery conditions. Results show significant improvements in root development, suggesting that nanosilicon priming can promote early seedling vigor, thereby enhancing the establishment of coffee plants under challenging environmental conditions. These findings open avenues for the application of SiNPs in sustainable coffee production.

This study assessed the genetic polymorphism of wheat samples in relation to yellow rust disease resistance through DNA markers genetically linked to this trait. According to the analysis, the markers Xgwm140 (PIC = 0.72) and Xgwm340 (PIC = 0.53) exhibited the highest levels of polymorphism, playing a significant role in the identification of yellow rust-resistant alleles, with 305 and 220 base pairs, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed genetic diversity among the genotypes and indicated that resistant genotypes tended to cluster into distinct groups. The findings of this study provide a reliable tool for identifying resistant genotypes, which can be effectively utilized in the selection process during wheat breeding programs aimed at enhancing resistance to yellow rust disease. This version reflects a more detailed and formal scientific tone, maintaining the essence of your original text while providing further clarity on the methods and outcomes. Let me know if you need any further adjustments. In 2024 field trials, wheat varieties were tested for yellow rust resistance using molecular markers for Yr genes. Varieties with Yr5 and Yr15 showed full resistance, while those with Yr6, Yr9, Yr7, and Yr27 were susceptible. Yr62 alone was weak but enhanced resistance when combined with other genes. Yr5 and Yr15 were identified as the most effective for breeding resistant varieties.