This paper examines the role of Chinese agricultural technology in addressing the challenges of food security and sustainable development in Africa's arid zones. With a focus on the application of advanced irrigation systems, hybrid crop varieties, and soil management techniques, the study highlights how these innovations have been adapted to meet the unique environmental conditions of Africa's drylands. By analyzing case studies and bilateral collaborations, the paper explores the socio-economic and ecological impacts of these interventions. The findings suggest that Chinese agricultural technology has the potential to significantly improve agricultural productivity, enhance resilience to climate change, and foster economic growth in Africa’s arid regions. However, the paper also identifies challenges, such as cultural integration, local capacity-building, and long-term sustainability, which must be addressed to ensure equitable and effective implementation.