Volume 2.
Issue 08.

The article discusses the harm, biology and morphology of sucking pests of citrus crops. Citrus
whitefly on citrus, in case of early settlement and high density, yield can be reduced up to 30%. It can
give up to 3-4 generations. In the conditions of the Bukhara and Khorezm regions of Uzbekistan,
citrus whitefly (Dialeurodes citri.) Can develop, which is distinguished by its smaller size and
yellowish color. Citrus aphids One of the most common and dangerous pests of lemons and
tangerines is aphids. It most often affects the plant during the period of active growth of young
shoots, settling on them and quickly sucking juice from them. By this, it slows down its development;
one can also observe that the leaves of citrus dry and fall, and young growth dries out.

Massive death of bee colonies (collapse) requires a close study of its causes. Scientists make various
proposals, some of them are quite logical, but have no direct justification. In many publications,
pollution of environment by heavy metals is considered as the cause of bee colonies death, since
urban areas are subjected to increased techno genic pollution. Vehicles are the cause of environment
pollution. Exploitation of vehicles results in intensive ejection of heavy metals into the environment
released with exhaust gases and while cars are exposed to the road surface. The combustion of
leaded fuel is accompanied by the release of lead (1 liter of gasoline contains up to 0.5 g of tetraethyl
lead). While combustion of lubricating oils cadmium is released. A large amount of this element is
formed as a result of abrasion of tires on asphaltic concrete. Lead and cadmium, which are highly
toxic, accumulate in soil and vegetation and spread along trophic chains, pose a threat to bees' life.
The influence of a busy highway on the body pollution of honey bees has been studied in this article.
In bees, the least amount of studied pollutants has been accumulated in the head sections, the
largest in rectum (hind gut). A relatively large amount of lead Pb and cadmium Cd found in the body

In studies, the influence of environmental factors and plant species on the development and density
of the population of the greenhouse whitefly has been studied. The change in the development of
the pest population in the conditions of an average daily air temperature of 33,6°C and a relative
humidity of 42% in the Syrdarya region and a temperature of 31,8°C and a relative humidity of 54% in
the Tashkent region has been revealed. The highest pest population was observed in the
cucurbitaceous culture.

Agriculture is one of the first and most significant sectors in Uzbekistan, contributing to the national
economy. Its diverse topography reveals the most favorable regions for growing various agricultural
as well as industrial crops. The paper considers the features of innovation processes in agriculture, as
well as the role of innovation processes in the development of agriculture in Uzbekistan. The author
examines the innovative development of agriculture and highlights the main features of innovation
processes; he identifies the types of innovations in the agricultural sector.

The article discusses the issue of mass reproduction in the biological laboratory of the ovarian
parasite of Lepidoptera - Trichogramma, in particular the species Trichogramma evanescens Wes,
widely represented in the nature of Uzbekistan. against the dangerous pest of cotton bollworm. In
Uzbekistan, much attention is paid to the use of a biological method, in particular entomophages,
which, unlike the chemical method, is characterized by safety for the environment and high
biological efficiency reaching 69-75%. The article describes the technology of reproduction of
trichogramma in a biological laboratory on eggs natural hosts of the entomophage.

There are features of soil formation on Mount Nurata and in the foothills, although the types of soils
distributed in this region are called the names of the types of soils common in all regions of the
republic, but they are specific to these soils. includes special traits that differ from all geneticallymorphological, agrochemical and agrophysical traits. There are several reasons for this, which are
described below.

The article provides information on the effects of inoculation with nitragin and application of mineral
fertilizers on the microbiological properties of the soil before sowing the seeds of legumes (soybeans,
beans, mungbeans), grown as a secondary crop after winter wheat. At the end of the vegetation
period of repeated crops, it was observed that the amount of microorganisms in the soil increased
compared to the initial indicators, the amount of ammonifiers and oligonitrophils increased, and the
amount of micromycetes and actinomycetes decreased. Before sowing the seeds of legumes
(soybeans, mungbeans, beans) grown as a secondary crop, the amount of ammonifiers, oligonitrophils
and micromycetes increased, and the amount of actinomycetes increased compared to the control
option in the backgrounds treated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

At present, in developed countries, including Uzbekistan, the system of coordinated control in the
fight against agricultural pests is widely used. Its essence is to protect the crop by using agrotechnical, mechanical, physical methods of pest control, mainly using methods of biological control,
which are harmless to the environment, humans and organisms, and the use of chemical methods as
an exception when necessary. In recent years, the ecological situation in rural areas has been
improved as a result of the use of a combined protection system in cotton, wheat and other crops, ie
the method of biological control, which is its core.

In order to determine the effect of the phosphoric element on the growth and development of
potatoes, their productivity and efficiency, studies were conducted to determine the optimal
nutrient medium in laboratory and field conditions. In nutritional variants with a concentration of P
of 16 mg / l and 48 mg / l, the P content is higher than in leaves. In nutritional variants with a
concentration of 48 mg / l, there is a smaller number of leaves compared to the 16 mg/l
concentration variants and a delay in the flowering period. It was found that the nutrients contain
important vital microelements in plant tissue and the output composition in variants of the
concentration of P is 16 mg /l.

The article presents the results of experiments which provided to definite of biological efficacy of
the microbial insecticides “Kiloca”, “Fast Kiloca” and Green Guard SC based on the fungi
Metarrhizium anisoplia (Metsch.) against Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus Maroccanus Thunb.).
Experiments have been provided at the laboratory condition of the laboratory “Researching and
control of pasture pests” of Uzbek research institute for Plant protection. To provide experiments
locusts has been collected from pastures of Guzar and Nishan provinces of Kashkhadarya region of
the Republic of Uzbekistan.

This article provides data on the harmfulness, distribution and lifestyle of the grape mealybug (Latin
Planococcus ficus) in recent years in the vineyards of the republic. In order to determine the
effectiveness of insecticides against mealybugs, we first carried out observations based on sex
pheromones. On this basis, the preparations Entomin C.E., Nurell-D 55% C.e. were tested in three
variants. The highest efficiency was observed in the variant where Entomin C.e. was used – 10,0-15,0 l
/ ha. In this variant, the efficiency was 87,4-88,6%.

It was determined by the research that the object of research was excavated plots of land with a
total area of 1776.99 ha, and their morphological features were described by genetic layers. yes;
Clean pasture-147.58ha; Reed pasture-6.83 ha; Shrub pasture - 4.25 ha; Other lands-942.10 ha; The
area set aside was 7.2 hectares. Based on the results of field research and laboratory analysis, a soil
map was compiled on topographic bases and an explanatory report was written. Professor
R.H.Mammadov's scale was used to determine the granulometric composition of soils here. Naturaleconomic features of the area, including geographical position, relief, agro-climatic elements were
studied, soil cover; vegetation. The role of vegetation in the process of soil formation and formation
of soil cover, increase of soil fertility with the formation of organic matter depends on the density of
vegetation, maintenance of normal soil moisture, reduction of water washing effect, prevention of
formation and development of soils and erosion elm, garatikan shrubs, licorice, birch, thyme, chicory,
etc. are widely spread in the area from shrubs, suitability of the area for use for grain crops; Soilforming rocks, etc., as well as the great role of the chemical composition of the parent rock in the
process of soil formation have been widely studied.

Based on the analysis of special literature, the article discusses specific techniques for improving the
biological quality indicators of trichogramma when breeding it in biological laboratories. Special
attention should be paid to the qualitative indicators of a trichogram when it is reproduced in a
biological laboratory. These include: improving the technology of its breeding, storage and use;
creation of optimal conditions for her upbringing in the process of reproduction in biolabs and
biofactories; additional feeding of adults with various stimulants; constant introduction of mother
cultures of Trichogramma and its laboratory host.

In the conditions of typical gray soils of Tashkent region, before sowing of winter wheat under the
plow once in three years in addition to the norms of mineral fertilizers N200P140K100 ва
N150Р105K75 kg / ha 1.5-3.0-4.5 t per hectare. The effect of irrigation on soil agrophysical properties
and plant growth and grain yield was studied for three years in the order of 60–70–60 and 70–80–
70% of the soil moisture before irrigation during the period of application, using bentonite mud.
The obtained data show that the pre-irrigation soil moisture is irrigated in the order of 60–70–60%
relative to LMFC, in addition to the norms of mineral fertilizers (N200P140K100 ва N150Р105К75 /
hec) 1.5–3.0–4.5 t per hectare. germination of seedlings 18–16 compared to control options when
using bentonite silts in the amount of 18–16; 33–28 and 46–44 m2 /piece, total number of stems
49.0–81.6; 96.6-99.4; 104.7-108.3 m2 / piece, and the number of productive stems is 47.4-76.1; 97.7-
100.3; 102.2-107.6 m2 / grain was observed, grain yield was 6.9-11.3; 8.8-13.4; It was noted that it was
higher than 10.1-14.7 ts / hec.
Pre-irrigation soil moisture is irrigated at 70–80–70% relative to the LFMC, in addition to the norms of
mineral fertilizers N200P140K100 ва N150P105K75 kg / hec, 1.5–3.0–4.5 t per hectare. The number of
seedlings germinated per 1 m2 in the variants using bentonite mud in the amount of 22–41–50 to 15–
36–51 m2 / piece compared to the control variant, the total number of stems 44.2–42.4; 55.8-60.8;
86.5-92.3 m2 / piece, number of productive stems 47.5-61.2; 60.2-79.6; Found to be higher than 90.0–
108.6 m2 / unit, 5.6–9.4 per hectare; 8.2-11.9; 10.0-13.6 quintals of additional grain yield was obtained.

The article about the results of the experiment, which provided to definite of biological efficacy the
microbial preparations - Kiloca, Fast Kiloca, based on the fungi metarrhizium anisoplia. The
experiments carried out in laboratory condition to control of Maroccan locust (daciastaurus
moroccanus Thunb.) where collected from pastures of Guzar and Nishan provinces of Kashkhadarya
region of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

This article analyzes the data on biometric indicators of new promising varieties of soybean
"Tashkent", "Sevinch" and "Madad". According to the results of the study, the yield was 3.8-3.8 t /ha
in “Tashkent” variety, 3.8-3.3 t/ ha in “Sevinch” variety and 3.6-3.9 t/ha in “Madad” variety.

Dangerous coccids are widespread in Uzbekistan. Of these, the Californian shield insect is a
quarantine pest. It damages many plants. It damages apple, pear, plum, quince, peach, almond,
hawthorn, elm, poplar and others. Diapausing larvae of the first instar overwinter, covered with a
dark gray or black shield. In spring it feeds heavily, molts and forms a scutellum similar to that of an
adult female. After the second molt, adult females form. After mating, the female gives birth to
vagrant larvae, which creep along branches and leaves, and can also settle on fruits. He gives rise to
the next generation.

This article mainly discusses the scientific basis of soil fertility and increasing its culture. The division
of soil fertility into natural and artificial species is described in the article. Natural fertility occurs
under the influence of natural factors. The level of soil fertility, that is, the ability of the soil to yield
to one degree or another, depends on natural factors and historical reasons. Natural factors, such as
climate, vegetation cover, soil mineral composition, determine the natural fertility level of the soil.
Natural fertility occurs without human intervention. It is mainly characteristic of natural crops, and
usually the level of such fertility is low or high, depending on the organic and mineral composition,
chemical, biological, biochemical properties of the soil.

It is known that one tenth of the territory of the Commonwealth countries is forests. In them grow a
large number of different medicinal plants. Therefore, the protection of forests is important to
protect the medicinal plants that grow in them in the wild. The need to protect nature, the
environment, the correct and rational use of natural resources (forests, water and water resources,
underground resources, etc.), to preserve them for future generations is reflected in our basic law -
the Constitution of the Republic.

The article summarizes the results of the use of new preparative forms of sulfur against spider mites
on cotton. As surfactants, water-soluble polymers, conventional synthetic detergents and soap stock
(waste oil-fat factories production after processing cotton seeds) are used. The data of the author of
the development of methods for the use of drugs against the most important pests of agricultural
crops are presented The question of ways to increase the efficiency of sulfur preparations is
discussed.

The article analyzes the economic content and features of the organization of agricultural clusters in
Uzbekistan. The initial stage of their development in the country is investigated.

The article discusses the issue of mass breeding in the biological laboratory of the ovarian parasite of
the corn moth - trichogramma, in particular, the species Trichogramma ostriniae, widely represented
in the nature of Uzbekistan.