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Beyond the battlefield: the role of human intelligence (HUMINT) in addressing the socio-economic drivers of Boko haram in northeastern Nigeria

Christopher Mitchell Osazuwa
Department of Criminology and Security Studies, National Open University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
Vitalis Odinaka Ugwukwu
Department of Criminology and Security Studies, National Open University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
DOI Crossref DOI 10.37547/tajpslc/Volume07Issue05-09
tajpslc 2025
VOL. 7 / NO. 05 MAY
FULL TEXT PP. 43-59
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VOLUME 7
ISSUE 05
YEAR 2025
PAGES 43-59
RESEARCH OVERVIEW

Abstract

The Boko Haram insurgency in Northeastern Nigeria has led to regional destabilization, intensifying poverty, unemployment, and governance challenges. Despite extensive military interventions, socio-economic drivers persist, sustaining the insurgency and underscoring the necessity for alternative strategies. This study analyses the transformative potential of Human Intelligence (HUMINT) in addressing systemic issues, highlighting its role in mitigating grievances and promoting stability. The study employs Social Conflict Theory to examine the role of socio-economic inequalities in driving insurgencies and the potential of HUMINT to address these disparities. A qualitative research design was implemented using secondary data sources, including peer-reviewed articles, government reports, and case studies. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify patterns between HUMINT and socio-economic interventions. The findings indicate that poverty, insufficient education, and unemployment heighten susceptibility to Boko Haram's recruitment and ideological influence. Human intelligence provides an essential understanding of insurgent networks and their grievances; however, it encounters challenges such as insufficient funding and bureaucratic inefficiencies. Instances such as the Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF) illustrate the efficacy of community-based intelligence in countering insurgent operations. The research indicates that tackling the socio-economic factors driving Boko Haram necessitates the integration of human intelligence with specific reforms and community involvement. Recommendations involve improving HUMINT frameworks via localized training and international collaboration, investing in poverty alleviation and education, and building trust through grassroots initiatives. A comprehensive intelligence-driven strategy is suggested to tackle the underlying causes and expressions of insurgency, fostering enduring peace and development in the region.

RESEARCH TOPICS

Keywords

Human Intelligence (HUMINT) Boko Haram Socio-economic Drivers

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